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I-Development Trend Of Steel Industry
Imboni Yensimbi YaseChina Ivula Inkathi Entsha Yoguquko
U-Wang Tie, uMqondisi wophiko lweMakethe Yekhabhoni eMnyangweni Wokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu woMnyango Wezemvelo Nezemvelo, wema endaweni yesikhulumi se-2025 International Forum on Carbon Emission Reduction Embonini Yezinto Zokwakha futhi wamemezela ukuthi izimboni ezintathu zokuncibilikisa insimbi, usimende ne-aluminium zizoqala i-quota yokukhipha ikhabhoni yokuqala kanye nokugunyazwa komsebenzi. Le nqubomgomo izofaka amathani engeziwe angamabhiliyoni ama-3 esisi esingcolisa umoya esilingana ne-carbon dioxide, ikhulise ingxenye yesikhutha esilawulwa yimakethe yekhabhoni kazwelonke isuke ku-40% iye ngaphezu kwama-60% yenani eliphelele likazwelonke.
Izinqubomgomo Nemithethonqubo Iqhuba Uguquko Oluluhlaza
1.Imboni yensimbi yomhlaba wonke iphakathi kwenguquko ethule. Njengoba imakethe ye-carbon yase-China ikhula, kungezwe amayunithi amasha akhipha ugesi ayi-1,500 ngaphezu kwezinkampani eziphehla ugesi ezingu-2,200, nezinkampani zensimbi ezithwele kanzima. Umnyango Wezemvelo Nemvelo ufune ngokucacile ukuthi izinkampani ziqinise umuzwa wazo wokuzibophezela, zenze umsebenzi omuhle ekulawuleni ikhwalithi yedatha, futhi zenze izinhlelo zesayensi zokugunyazwa kwesabelo sokuphela konyaka.
2.Ingcindezi yenqubomgomo iguqulwa ibe amandla aqhuba uguquko embonini. Esithangamini sabezindaba soMkhandlu Kazwelonke, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi ugcizelele ukuthi ukuguqulwa okujulile kohlaza kwezimboni zendabuko kufanele kube yinto ehamba phambili, futhi imboni yensimbi ihamba phambili phakathi kwezimboni ezine ezibalulekile. Indlela ethize iye yacaciswa: ukwandisa ingxenye yensimbi eyizinsimbi ezintweni zokusetshenziswa, ngenhloso yokwandisa lesi silinganiso sibe ngama-22% ngo-2027.
3.Izinqubomgomo zamazwe ngamazwe nazo zilungisa isimo semboni. Uhlaza lwaseYurophu luphusha izinkampani zensimbi zendawo ukuba ziphendukele kubuchwepheshe bekhabhoni ephansi njengamandla e-hydrogen; I-India ifuna ukuzuza umthamo wokukhiqiza ohlosiwe wamathani ayizigidi ezingama-300 ngo-2030 ngezinqubomgomo zezwe zensimbi. Imephu yokuhweba ngensimbi yomhlaba wonke isidwetshwe kabusha, futhi imigoqo yentela kanye nokuvikelwa kwesifunda kusheshise ukwakhiwa kabusha kwesifunda kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka.
4.Esifundeni sase-Xisan, esifundazweni sase-Hubei, ama-54 akhethekileinsimbiizinkampani ezingaphezu kobukhulu obumisiwe zakha uhlelo lwezemvelo lwezimboni olunezinga lezigidigidi eziyi-100. I-Fucheng Machinery yehlise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-20% ngokuguqulwa kwesistimu yokucwenga ehlakaniphile, futhi imikhiqizo yayo ithunyelwa eSouth Korea naseNdiya. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kokuqondiswa kwenqubomgomo kanye nokwenza kwebhizinisi kubumba kabusha ukwakheka kwendawo kanye nengqondo yezomnotho yokukhiqiza insimbi.
Ukuqamba Okusha Kwezobuchwepheshe, Ukunqamula Imikhawulo Yokusebenza Kwezinto Ezibalulekile
1.Ukwephulwa kwesayensi yezinto zokusebenza kwephula imingcele yokusebenza kwensimbi. NgoJulayi 2025, i-Chengdu Institute of Advanced Metal Materials yamemezela ilungelo lobunikazi "lendlela yokwelapha ukushisa yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza komthelela wezinga lokushisa eliphansi lensimbi engenasici yokuguga ye-martensitic". Ngokulawula kahle isixazululo esiqinile sezinga lokushisa eliphansi elingu-830-870℃ kanye nenqubo yokwelapha yokuguga engu-460-485℃, inkinga yokufakwa kwensimbi ezindaweni ezidlulele yaxazululeka.
2.Okunye okuqanjiwe okuyisisekelo kuvela ekusetshenzisweni kwemihlaba eyivelakancane. NgoJulayi 14, i-China Rare Earth Society yahlola imiphumela ye-"Rare Earth Corrosion ResistantInsimbi YekhabhoniIphrojekthi ye-Technology Innovation and Industrialization". Iqembu lochwepheshe eliholwa i-Academician Gan Yong linqume ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bufinyelele "ezingeni elihamba phambili lamazwe ngamazwe".
3.Ithimba likaSolwazi u-Dong Han eNyuvesi yase-Shanghai lembula indlela ebanzi yokumelana nokugqwala komhlaba ongavamile oshintsha izici zokuhlanganisa, ukunciphisa amandla omngcele wokusanhlamvu kanye nokukhuthaza ukwakheka kwezingqimba zokugqwala ezivikelayo. Lokhu kuphumelela kwenyuse ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinsimbi ezijwayelekile ze-Q235 kanye ne-Q355 ngo-30% -50%, kuyilapho kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezici zesimo sezulu zendabuko ngo-30%.
4.Inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile yenziwe futhi ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinsimbi ezikwazi ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba. Ukuzamazama komhlabaipuleti lensimbi eligoqiwe elishisayoesanda kuthuthukiswa i-Ansteel Co., Ltd. yamukela idizayini yokuqamba eyingqayizivele (Cu: 0.5% -0.8%, Cr: 2%-4%, Al: 2% -3%), futhi ifinyelela ukusebenza kokuzamazama komhlaba okuphezulu ngevelu elithobisayo elingu-δ≥0.08 ngobuchwepheshe obunembile bokulawula izinga lokushisa, ihlinzeka ngesiqinisekiso sezinto ezibonakalayo esisha sokuphepha kwesakhiwo.
5. Emkhakheni wensimbi ekhethekile, i-Daye Special Steel kanye ne-China Iron and Steel Research Institute bakha ngokuhlanganyela I-National Key Laboratory ye-Advanced Special Steel, kanti injini yendiza yendiza ephethe shaft eyinsimbi ethuthukiswe yiyo izuze Umklomelo we-CITIC Group Science and Technology. Lezi zinqubo ezintsha ziye zathuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo ukuncintisana kwensimbi ekhethekile yaseShayina emakethe yomhlaba wonke esezingeni eliphezulu.
Insimbi Ekhethekile Esezingeni Eliphezulu, Umgogodla Omusha Wokukhiqiza KwaseChina
1.Ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi okukhethekile yaseChina kubalelwa ku-40% wengqikithi yomhlaba, kodwa uguquko lwangempela lusekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi. Ngo-2023, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi ekhethekile yaseShayina kuzofinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-51.13, okuwukukhula konyaka ngo-7%; ngo-2024, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi okuphelele kwamabhizinisi ensimbi akhethekile ezweni lonke kuzofinyelela amathani ayizigidi eziyi-138. Ngemuva kokukhuphuka kwevolumu, okujule kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo sezimboni.
2.Amadolobha amahlanu aseningizimu yeJiangsu akhe iqoqo lensimbi elikhethekile elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Amaqoqo akhethekile ensimbi kanye ne-alloy esezingeni eliphezulu eNanjing, Wuxi, Changzhou nakwezinye izindawo azoba nenani eliphumayo lama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-821.5 ngo-2023, akhiphe amathani angaba yizigidi ezingama-30, okubalelwa ku-23.5% wokukhiqizwa kwensimbi okukhethekile kwezwe. Emuva kwalezi zibalo kunoshintsho lwekhwalithi esakhiweni somkhiqizo - ukusuka ensimbi yokwakha evamile ukuya ezindaweni ezinenani eliphakeme njengamagobolondo ebhethri lamandla amasha, ama-motor shaft, namashubhu abhayela amandla enuzi.
3.Amabhizinisi ahamba phambili ahola igagasi loguquko. Ngomthamo wokukhiqiza waminyaka yonke wamathani ayizigidi ezingama-20 ensimbi ekhethekile, i-CITIC Special Steel yakhe i-matrix yomkhiqizo osezingeni eliphezulu ngokuhlelwa kabusha kwamasu okufana nokutholwa kwe-Tianjin.Ipayipi Lensimbi. I-Baosteel Co., Ltd. iqhubekile nokwenza impumelelo emikhakheni yensimbi ye-silicon egxile kanye nensimbi enamandla amakhulu, futhi izokwethula imikhiqizo yensimbi ye-silicon esezingeni eliphezulu esezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni wonke ngo-2024.
4.I-TISCO Stainless Steel izuze ukushintshwa kwamanye amazwe ngamapuleti angu-304LG emikhumbi/mathange e-MARKⅢ LNG, yasungula isikhundla esihamba phambili endaweni ephezulu.insimbi engagqwaliimakethe. Lezi zinzuzo zibonisa ukuvela kwemboni yensimbi ekhethekile yaseShayina kusukela "ekulandeleni" kuya "ekugijimeni ngakunye" bese "kuhola" kwezinye izindawo.
Izimboni Zerokhabhoni Nomnotho Oyindilinga, Kusukela Emcabangweni Kuya Ekusetshenzisweni
1.Insimbi eluhlaza isuka kumqondo iye eqinisweni. Iphrojekthi ye-Oriental Special Steel ye-Zhenshi Group isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokushisa komoyampilo ogcwele ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla egesi yemvelo yesithando sokushisa ngensimbi engu-8Nm³/t, kuyilapho isusa inqubo yokukhishwa kwe-denitrification ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhishwa kwegesi okuphansi kakhulu. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ukusungulwa kwesistimu yayo yamandla - inhlanganisela yohlelo lokugcina amandla angu-50MW/200MWh kanye nesiteshi sikagesi esisatshalaliswa nge-photovoltaic ukuze kwakhiwe "i-source-storage-load" exhumanisa inethiwekhi yokuphakela ugesi oluhlaza.
2.Imodeli yomnotho oyindilinga iyakhula ngesivinini embonini yensimbi. Ukusetshenziswa okuhlanganisiwe kodoti oqinile wokwenza insimbi yenqubo emfushane kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwelapha uketshezi lwemfucuza equkethe i-chromium kunika amandla i-Oriental Special Steel ukuthi ihlangabezane namazinga okukhishwa komkhathi "okuphansi kakhulu" (4mg/Nm³) ku-Jiaxing. E-Hubei, i-Zhenhua Chemical yatshala ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyi-100 ukuze kwakhiwe ifektri ehlakaniphile, yazuza ukuncipha kwekhabhoni yonyaka ngamathani ayi-120,000; I-Xisai Power Plant yonge amathani angama-32,000 wamalahle ngoguquko lobuchwepheshe.
3.I-digitalization isiphenduke i-accelerator ye-green transformation. I-Xingcheng Special Steel isibe "imboni ye-lighthouse" yokuqala embonini yensimbi ekhethekile yomhlaba wonke, futhi i-Nangang Co., Ltd. izuze ukuxhumana okuphelele kwemishini, amasistimu kanye nedatha nge-platform ye-inthanethi yezimboni6. I-Hubei Hongrui Ma New Materials Company iye yaba noguquko lwedijithali, futhi abasebenzi bangaphatha ama-oda, i-inventory kanye nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ngezikrini zikagesi. Ngemuva kwenguquko, inani lomkhiqizo wenkampani lenyuke ngaphezu kwama-20%.
4.Isifunda sase-Xisan siqalise uhlelo lokutshalwa kwe-gradient "lwemithetho ethuthukisayo futhi enzinzisa - uchwepheshe kanye nokuqamba okusha - umpetha oyedwa - ukukhiqiza okuluhlaza". Sekunamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo angama-20 esezingeni lesifundazwe, kanti iDaye Special Steel kanye neZhenhua Chemical asephenduke amabhizinisi angompetha kazwelonke. Lelisu lephromoshini lesigaba sendawo lihlinzeka ngendlela yokuthuthukisa eluhlaza emabhizinisini anosayizi abahlukahlukene.
Izinselelo Namathemba: Okuwukuphela Kwendlela Yokuba Izwe Eliqinile Lensimbi
1.Indlela eya enguqukweni isagcwele ameva. Imboni yensimbi ekhethekile ibhekene nezinselelo eziyinkimbinkimbi engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka wezi-2025: Nakuba umdlalo wentela we-Sino-US wehlile, ukungaqiniseki kwesimo sohwebo somhlaba kusekhona; inqubo yasekhaya "ejwayelekile kuya phezulu" ithintwa ukushintshashintsha kwemakethe ye-rebar, futhi isu lokukhiqiza lamabhizinisi liyantengantenga. Esikhathini esifushane, ukungqubuzana phakathi kokunikezwa kanye nesidingo embonini kunzima ukukuxazulula, futhi amanani angase ahlale ephansi.
I-2.Ingcindezi yezindleko kanye namabhodlela ezobuchwepheshe ahlala ndawonye. Nakuba izinqubo ezintsha ezifana nobuchwepheshe be-electrolytic aluminium carbon-free anode kanye nensimbi eluhlaza ye-hydrogen metallurgy zenze impumelelo, ukusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu kusadinga isikhathi. Iphrojekthi ye-Oriental Special Steel yamukela "i-melting furnace + AOD furnace" inqubo yokwenza insimbi enezinyathelo ezimbili nezinyathelo ezintathu, futhi ithuthukisa imodeli yokunikezwa kwezinto ngokusebenzisa ama-algorithms ahlakaniphile, kodwa ukutshalwa kwezimali okunjalo kobuchwepheshe kusengumthwalo omkhulu kumabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo.
3.Amathuba emakethe nawo acacile. Isidingo sensimbi esezingeni eliphezulu emishinini yamandla amasha, izimoto zikagesi, ingqalasizinda emisha neminye imikhakha sesikhule kakhulu. Amaphrojekthi wamandla afana namandla enuzi kanye namayunithi aphezulu kakhulu asephenduke izinjini ezintsha zokukhula kwensimbi ekhethekile yesiphetho esiphezulu. Lezi zidingo zenze imboni yensimbi yaseShayina ukuthi iguqukele ekubeni “nezinga eliphezulu, elihlakaniphile, neliluhlaza”.
4.Ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo kuyaqhubeka nokwanda. UMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi uzokhipha futhi uqalise umjikelezo omusha wezinhlelo zokusebenza zokusimamisa ukukhula kwemboni yensimbi engenamvubelo, egxile ekusimamiseni ukukhula nokugqugquzela uguquko. Ezingeni lokusungula, sebenzisa futhi wakhe imodeli enkulu yemboni yezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi, ukhuthaze ukuhlanganiswa okujulile kobuchwepheshe bobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nemboni, futhi unikeze umfutho omusha wempumelelo yezobuchwepheshe.
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uMsombuluko-NgeSonto: Inkonzo yamahora angu-24
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-25-2025