Ukuzalwa kwensimbi engagqwali kungalandelelwa emuva ngo-1913, lapho isazi sensimbi saseJalimane uHarris Krauss sithola okokuqala ukuthi insimbi equkethe i-chromium inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala. Lokhu kutholakala kwabeka isisekelo sensimbi engagqwali. "Insimbi engagqwali" yokuqala ikakhulukazi insimbi ye-chromium, esetshenziswa kakhulu emimeseni nasezitsheni zokudla. Ngawo-1920, ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali kwaqala ukwanda. Ngokukhula kokuqukethwe kwe-chromium ne-nickel, ukumelana nokugqwala namandla ensimbi engagqwali kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza beamapayipi ensimbi engagqwaliivuthwa kancane kancane futhi isiqalile ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini zamakhemikhali, uphethiloli kanye nokucubungula ukudla.
Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokwakha ukuze asekele isakhiwo, ahlobise udonga lwangaphandle,izinsimbi zokubiyela kanye nezibamboNgenxa yokumelana kwayo nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu kanye nokubukeka kwayo okuhle, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali afaneleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zangaphandle kanye nezimo zezulu zasemanzini. Ayikwazi nje kuphela ukumelana novivinyo lwesimo sezulu esibi, kodwa futhi inciphisa isidingo sokulungiswa, okwenza isakhiwo siqine futhi sibe sihle.
Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe bamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali buyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka, futhi kuye kwavela ezinye izinhlobo ze-alloy ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, njenge-amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali kakhulu, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali amabili njalo njalo. Lezi zinto ezintsha zihlangabezana nezidingo zezimboni ezidinga kakhulu futhi zikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali emikhakheni eminingi. Intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo izoqhubeka nokugxila ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo zezinto kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezimo zokusetshenziswa eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezidingo zemakethe.
Izimboni zamakhemikhali nezemithi zisebenzisa amashubhu ensimbi engagqwali ukuthutha amakhemikhali nemithi kanye nokuphatha izinhlobo ezahlukene zoketshezi olubolayo. Udonga olungaphakathi olubushelelezi lwepayipi lensimbi engagqwali alugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukungcola koketshezi enkambisweni yokuthutha, kodwa futhi lusiza ekuhlanzeni nasekubulaleni amagciwane, okuqinisekisa inhlanzeko yenqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nokuphepha komkhiqizo.
Embonini yokudla neziphuzo, amashubhu ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziselwa ukucubungula ukudla, ukulethwa kweziphuzo kanye nokupakisha. Izakhiwo zayo ezingenabuthi, ezingagqwali futhi ezilula ukuzihlanza ziyahlangabezanaizidingo zezinga lokudla, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla kanye nokuhlanzeka kwenqubo yokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqina kwamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali kusiza ekunciphiseni imvamisa yokugcinwa nokushintsha imishini.
IQEMBU LASEBUKHOSINI
Ikheli
Indawo yezimboni zokuthuthukiswa kweKangsheng,
Isifunda saseWuqing, idolobha laseTianjin, eChina.
I-imeyili
Amahora
UMsombuluko-NgeSonto: Isevisi yamahora angu-24
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba 14-2024