Amapayipi ensimbi anobubanzi obukhulu (ngokuvamile ebhekisela emapayipini ensimbi anobubanzi obungaphandle obungu-≥114mm, ano-≥200mm achazwa njengamakhulu kwezinye izimo, kuye ngezindinganiso zomkhakha) asetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni eziyinhloko ezihilela "ukuthutha kwemidiya emikhulu," "ukwesekwa kwesakhiwo esindayo," kanye "nezimo zabo zokucindezela okukhulu, ukumelana nomfutho ophezulu, ukugeleza kwazo okuqinile"
Amandla ayindawo eyinhloko yokufaka isicelo samapayipi ensimbi anobubanzi obukhulu. Izidingo ezibalulekile zifaka umfutho ophezulu, amabanga amade, nokumelana nokugqwala. Lawa mapayipi asetshenziselwa ukuthutha imithombo yamandla ebalulekile njengowoyela, igesi yemvelo, amalahle nogesi.
1. Ezokuthutha Uwoyela Negesi: "I-aorta" yamapayipi ahamba amabanga amade
Izicelo: Amapayipi eziqu zikawoyela negesi aphakathi kwezifunda (njengepayipi Legesi EliseNtshonalanga-Mpumalanga kanye nePhayiphi Legesi Yemvelo YaseMpumalanga ye-China-Russia), amapayipi okuqoqa angaphakathi nawokuthutha ngaphakathi kwezizinda zikawoyela, kanye namapayipi kawoyela/egesi ezinkundla zikawoyela negesi ezingasogwini.
Izinhlobo zamapayipi ensimbi: Ngokuyinhloko ipayipi elishiselwe i-arc elishiselwe ngaphansi kwe-spiral (LSAW) nomthungo oqondile (i-SSAW), elinepayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo (njenge-API 5L X80/X90 amamaki) asetshenziswa kwezinye izigaba ezinomfutho ophezulu.
Izidingo Eziyinhloko: Ukumelana nezingcindezi eziphezulu ezingu-10-15 MPa (imigqa yeziqu zegesi yemvelo), ukumelana nokugqwala kwenhlabathi (amapayipi asogwini), futhi umelane nokugqwala kwamanzi olwandle (amapayipi angasogwini). Ubude bepayipi elilodwa bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-12-18 ukunciphisa amalunga okushisela futhi kuncishiswe izingozi zokuvuza. Izibonelo ezijwayelekile: i-China-Russia East Line Natural Gas Pipeline (ipayipi elikhulu kunawo wonke amabanga amade e-China, elinezigaba ezithile ezisebenzisa amapayipi ensimbi angu-1422mm), kanye nepayipi likawoyela eliwela umngcele wase-Saudi-UAE (amapayipi ensimbi angu-1200mm nangaphezulu).
2. Imboni Yamandla: "Iphaseji yamandla" yezitshalo zamandla ezishisayo/zenuzi
Emkhakheni wamandla ashisayo, lawa mapayipi asetshenziswa "kumapayipi amane amakhulu" (amapayipi amakhulu e-steam, amapayipi ashisayo ashisa kabusha, amapayipi amanzi okuphakelayo, kanye namapayipi okukhipha umshini wokushisa ophezulu) ukuthutha izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, umusi wokucindezela okuphezulu (izinga lokushisa lika-300-600 ° C kanye nezingcindezi ze-10-30 MPa).
Emkhakheni wamandla enuzi, amapayipi ensimbi asezingeni lokuphepha eziqhingini zenuzi (njengamapayipi apholile) adinga ukumelana nokushisa okuqinile kanye nokumelana nokunyakaza. Amapayipi ensimbi engenamthungo e-Austenitic (njenge-ASME SA312 TP316LN) avame ukusetshenziswa. Usekelo Olusha Lwamandla: "Amapayipi Olayini Abaqoqiyo" (avikela izintambo ezinamandla kagesi) ezisekelweni zamandla e-photovoltaic/zomoya, kanye namapayipi okuhambisa i-hydrogen amabanga amade (eminye imiklamo yokuhlola isebenzisa 300-800mm Φ amapayipi ensimbi amelana nokugqwala).
Izidingo emkhakheni kamasipala zigxile "ekugelezeni okuphezulu, ukunakekelwa okuphansi, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo zasemadolobheni ezingaphansi komhlaba/ezingaphezulu." Inhloso enkulu wukuqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kanye nokuthuthwa kwamanzi kubahlali kanye nokusebenza kwezinhlelo zasemadolobheni.
1. Ubunjiniyela bokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kanye nokukhipha amanzi: Amapayipi e-Drainage Trunk Transmission/Drainage Trunk
Izicelo Zokuphakela Amanzi: "Amapayipi amanzi aluhlaza" asuka emithonjeni yamanzi yasemadolobheni (amadamu, emifuleni) eya ezimbonini zamanzi, kanye "namapayipi okuhambisa amanzi amakhulu kamasipala" ukusuka ezitshalweni zamanzi ukuya ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, adinga ukuthuthwa kwamanzi kampompi ageleza kakhulu (isb, 600-2000mm Φ amapayipi ensimbi).
Izicelo Zokuthuthwa Kwendle: "Amapayipi esiqu samanzi esiphepho" asemadolobheni (wokukhipha amanzi ngokushesha okubangelwa imvula enkulu) kanye "namapayipi eziqu zendle" (okuthutha amanzi angcolile asekhaya/asezimbonini awayise ezindaweni zokukhuculula indle). Ezinye zisebenzisa amapayipi ensimbi amelana nokugqwala (isb., amapayipi ensimbi ambozwe ngepulasitiki namapayipi ensimbi anosimende anodaka).
Izinzuzo: Uma kuqhathaniswa namapayipi kakhonkolo, amapayipi ensimbi awasindi, amelana nokuncipha (avumelana nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-geology engaphansi komhlaba yasemadolobheni), futhi ahlinzeka ngokuhlanganisa okuhle kakhulu (ukuvikela ukuvuza kwendle nokungcoliswa kwenhlabathi).
2. Izizinda Zokongiwa Amanzi: Ukudluliswa Kwamanzi Okuhlangana Ngaphakathi Nokulawulwa Kwezikhukhula
Izicelo: Amaphrojekthi okudlulisa amanzi aphakathi kwamachibi (njenge "Yellow River Tunnel Pipeline" yomzila ophakathi weProjekthi Yokuhlukanisa Amanzi aseNingizimu-ukuya-eNyakatho), amapayipi okuphambukisa kanye nemizila yokukhipha izikhukhula yamadamu/iziteshi zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi, kanye namapayipi okuphambukisa emiseleni yokulawula izikhukhula nokukhipha amanzi emadolobheni.
Izidingo Ezijwayelekile: Ukumelana nokushaqeka kokugeleza kwamanzi (isivinini sokugeleza esingu-2-5 m/s), imelana nomfutho wamanzi (amanye amapayipi amanzi ajulile kufanele amelane nezingcindezi zekhanda ezedlula amamitha ayi-10), namadayamitha angaphezu kuka-3000 mm (isb, ipayipi lokuphambukisa lensimbi elingu-3200 mm esiteshini sokuphehla ugesi).
Umkhakha wezimboni unezidingo ezihlukene, okugxile kakhulu “ekuzivumelaniseni nezimo zemisebenzi emikhulu kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuthutha zemidiya ethile,” okuhlanganisa izimboni ezifana ne-metallurgy, amakhemikhali, nemishini.
1. Imboni ye-Metallurgy/Steel: I-High-Temperature Material Transportation
Izicelo: Izigayo zensimbi' "amaphayiphi egesi eqhumayo" (ahambisa igesi enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa, 200-400°C), "ukwenza insimbi nokupholisa amapayipi amanzi okupholisa okuqhubekayo" (ukupholisa ukugeleza okuphezulu kwamabhilidi ensimbi), kanye "namapayipi anodaka" (ahambisa udaka lwensimbi).
Izidingo zamapayipi ensimbi: Ukumelana ne-oxidation yezinga eliphezulu lokushisa (kumapayipi egesi) kanye nokumelana nokugqokwa (kuma-slurries aqukethe izinhlayiya eziqinile, amapayipi ensimbi angagugi ayadingeka). Ububanzi ngokuvamile busukela ku-200 kuye ku-1000 mm.
2. Imboni Yamakhemikhali/yePetrochemical: I-Corrosive Media Transportation
Izicelo: Amapayipi ezinto ezingavuthiwe ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali (njengezixazululo ze-asidi ne-alkali, izinyibilikisi eziphilayo), amapayipi eyunithi yokuqhekeka kwe-catalytic ezitshalweni ze-petrochemical (izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, uwoyela negesi enomfutho ophezulu), kanye namapayipi akhipha amathangi (amapayipi okulahla anobubanzi obukhulu amathangi amakhulu okugcina).
Izinhlobo Zepayipi Lensimbi: Amapayipi ensimbi angagqwali (njengensimbi engu-316L) kanye namapayipi ensimbi anepulasitiki noma anerabha (kwemidiya egqwala kakhulu) asetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko. Amanye amapayipi anengcindezi ephezulu asebenzisa amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo angu-150-500mm.
3. Imishini Enzima: Ukusekelwa Kwesakhiwo kanye ne-Hydraulic Systems
Izicelo: Imiphongolo yesilinda eHydraulic emishinini yokwakha (abamba kanye namakhreni) (ezinye izinto zokusebenza ezinamathani amakhulu zisebenzisa amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo angu-100-300mm), amapayipi ensimbi asekela umbhede kumathuluzi omshini omkhulu, namapayipi okuvikela iladi/amakhebula angaphakathi (150-300mm) emibhoshongweni yenjini yomoya engasogwini.
Kumaphrojekthi wengqalasizinda emikhulu njengamabhuloho, imigudu, nezikhumulo zezindiza, amapayipi ensimbi anobubanzi obukhulu awasebenzi nje "njengamapayipi okudlulisa" kodwa futhi "njengezingxenye zesakhiwo" ezithwala imithwalo noma ezihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka.
1. Ubunjiniyela Bebhuloho: Amabhuloho / Amakholomu e-Pier Steel Egcwele Ukhonkolo
Izinhlelo zokusebenza: "Izimbambo ezinkulu zekhothamo" zamabhuloho ama-arch amade (njenge-Chongqing Chaotianmen Yangtze River Bridge, esebenzisa u-1200-1600mm Φ izimbambo zeshubhu lensimbi eligcwaliswe ukhonkolo eligcwele ukhonkolo, elihlanganisa amandla aqinile wamashubhu ensimbi namandla acindezelayo kakhonkolo), kanye "nemikhono evikelayo yamanzi e-error).
Izinzuzo: Uma kuqhathaniswa nokhonkolo ongokwesiko oqinisiwe, izakhiwo zamashubhu ensimbi agcwele ukhonkolo azisindi, zakha kalula (zingenziwa ngaphambili emafekthri futhi zihlanganiswe endaweni), futhi zinezimbobo ezinde (kufika kumamitha angu-500 noma ngaphezulu).
2. Imigudu kanye Nezokuthutha Ngojantshi: Ukungenisa umoya kanye nokuvikelwa kwekhebula
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zomhubhe: "Imibhobho yokungenisa umoya" (yokuthola umoya ohlanzekile, ububanzi obuyi-800-1500mm) emhubheni onguthelawayeka/wesitimela, kanye "namapayipi Okuhlinzeka Amanzi Omlilo" (yokuphakela amanzi ageleza kakhulu uma kubaswa imililo emhubheni).
I-Rail Transit: "Amapayipi Okuvikela Ikhebula Elingaphansi Komhlaba" (ukuvikela izintambo ezinamandla kagesi, amanye enziwe ngepayipi lensimbi elingu-200-400mm elakhiwe ngepulasitiki) emigwaqweni engaphansi komhlaba/amasistimu kaloliwe wesivinini esikhulu, kanye "Nezikebhe Zekholomu Yekhanda" (amakholomu ensimbi asekela igridi yamandla).
3. Izikhumulo zezindiza/Amachweba: Amapayipi anenhloso ekhethekile
Izikhumulo zezindiza: "Amapayipi Okukhipha Amanzi Emvula" (ububanzi obukhulu obuyi-600-1200mm) ukuze kunqandwe ukunqwabelana kwamanzi emzileni wezindiza kanye nomthelela ekusukeni nasekufikeni, kanye "namapayipi Ayinhloko Amanzi Apholile E-Air Conditioning" (ngokugeleza kwamanzi abandayo okulawula izinga lokushisa) ezakhiweni zokugcina.
Amachweba: "Amapayipi Engalo Yokudlulisa Uwoyela" (ahlanganisa amathangi namathange okugcina, ukuthutha uwoyela ongahluziwe/imikhiqizo kawoyela ocolisisiwe, ububanzi obungu-300-800mm) ezikhumulweni zemikhumbi, kanye "Nemibhobho Yempahla Eningi" (yokuthutha impahla eyinqwaba njengamalahle nensimbi).
Imboni Yezempi: Umkhumbi wempi "amapayipi okupholisa amanzi olwandle" (ukumelana nokugqwala kwamanzi olwandle), ithangi "imigqa ye-hydraulic" (amapayipi angenamthungo amakhulu anobubanzi obukhulu), kanye nesiqhumisi semicibisholo "amapayipi ensimbi asekelayo."
Ukuhlola Ukuma komhlaba: Imithombo "yamanzi ajulile" (ukuvikela udonga lomthombo nokuvikela ukubhidlika, ezinye zisebenzisa amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo angu-Φ300-500mm), ukukhishwa kwegesi ye-shale "amapayipi omthombo avundlile" (ukunikeza uketshezi oluphuma ngomfutho ophezulu).
Ukunisela Ngenkasa Ezolimo: Indawo enkulu yokongiwa kwamanzi epulazini "amapayipi okunisela eziqu" (njengamapayipi esiqu sokunisela/esifafaza esifundeni esomile esisenyakatho-ntshonalanga, anobubanzi obungu-Φ200-600mm).
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