Ipayipi le-APIidlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwezimboni zamandla ezifana nowoyela negesi. I-American Petroleum Institute (API) isungule uchungechunge lwezindinganiso eziqinile ezilawula zonke izici zepayipi le-API, kusukela ekukhiqizweni kuya ekusetshenzisweni, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwalo.
Isitifiketi sepayipi lensimbi ye-API siqinisekisa ukuthi abakhiqizi bakhiqiza imikhiqizo ehambisana nezincazelo ze-API njalo. Ukuze bathole i-monogram ye-API, izinkampani kumele zihlangabezane nezimfuneko eziningana. Okokuqala, kumele babe nohlelo lokuphatha ikhwalithi olusebenze ngokuzinzile okungenani izinyanga ezine futhi luhambisana ngokugcwele ne-API Specification Q1. I-API Specification Q1, njengendinganiso yokuphatha ikhwalithi ehamba phambili embonini, ayihlangabezani nje kuphela nezimfuneko eziningi ze-ISO 9001 kodwa futhi ihlanganisa nezinhlinzeko ezithile ezenzelwe izidingo ezihlukile zemboni kawoyela negesi. Okwesibili, izinkampani kumele zichaze ngokucacile nangokunembile uhlelo lwazo lokuphatha ikhwalithi encwadini yazo yekhwalithi, ehlanganisa zonke izimfuneko ze-API Specification Q1. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani kumele zibe namakhono obuchwepheshe adingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zingakwazi ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ehambisana nezincazelo zomkhiqizo we-API ezisebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani kumele zenze njalo ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi nokuphathwa ngokuhambisana ne-API Specification Q1, futhi zigcine imibhalo eningiliziwe yenqubo yokuhlola nemiphumela. Ngokuphathelene nezincazelo zomkhiqizo, abafakizicelo kumele bagcine okungenani ikhophi eyodwa yenguqulo yakamuva esemthethweni yesiNgisi yezincazelo ze-API Q1 kanye nezincazelo zomkhiqizo we-API zelayisensi abayifaka isicelo. Izincazelo zomkhiqizo kumele zishicilelwe yi-API futhi zitholakale nge-API noma umsabalalisi ogunyaziwe. Ukuhunyushwa okungagunyaziwe kwezincwadi ze-API ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliwe ye-API kuwukwephulwa kwe-copyright.
Izinto ezintathu ezivamile ezisetshenziswa kumapayipi e-API yi-A53, A106, kanye ne-X42 (ibanga lensimbi elijwayelekile ku-API 5L standard). Ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini, kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa, njengoba kuboniswe kuthebula elingezansi:
| Uhlobo Lwezinto | Amazinga | Izici Zokwakheka Kwamakhemikhali | Izakhiwo Zemishini (Amanani Ajwayelekile) | Izindawo Eziyinhloko Zokusebenza |
| Ipayipi Lensimbi le-A53 | I-ASTM A53 | Insimbi yekhabhoni ihlukaniswe ngamagremu amabili, u-A no-B. Ibanga A linokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okungu-≤0.25% kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-manganese okungu-0.30-0.60%; Ibanga B linokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okungu-≤0.30% kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-manganese okungu-0.60-1.05%. Alinazo izakhi zokuhlanganisa. | Amandla Okukhiqiza: Ibanga A ≥250 MPa, Ibanga B ≥290 MPa; Amandla Okudonsa: Ibanga A ≥415 MPa, Ibanga B ≥485 MPa | Ukuthuthwa koketshezi olunomfutho ophansi (njengamanzi negesi) kanye namapayipi ajwayelekile okwakheka, afanelekela izindawo ezingagqwali. |
| Ipayipi Lensimbi le-A106 | I-ASTM A106 | Insimbi yekhabhoni eshisa kakhulu ihlukaniswe ngamagremu amathathu, u-A, u-B, no-C. Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuyanda ngokwezinga (Ibanga A ≤0.27%, Ibanga C ≤0.35%). Okuqukethwe kwe-manganese kungu-0.29-1.06%, kanti okuqukethwe kwe-sulfur ne-phosphorus kulawulwa ngokuqinile. | Amandla Okukhiqiza: Ibanga A ≥240 MPa, Ibanga B ≥275 MPa, Ibanga C ≥310 MPa; Amandla Okudonsa: Konke ≥415 MPa | Amapayipi omusi ashisa kakhulu futhi acindezela kakhulu kanye namapayipi okuhlanza uwoyela, okumele amelane namazinga okushisa aphezulu (ngokuvamile ≤ 425°C). |
| I-X42 (i-API 5L) | I-API 5L (Izinga Lensimbi Yepayipi Lomugqa) | Insimbi enamandla aphansi, enokwakheka okuphansi inokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okungu-≤0.26% futhi iqukethe izinto ezifana ne-manganese ne-silicon. Izinto ezisebenzisa ukwakheka okuphansi njenge-niobium ne-vanadium ngezinye izikhathi zengezwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla nokuqina. | Amandla Okukhiqiza ≥290 MPa; Amandla Okudonsa 415-565 MPa; Ukuqina Komthelela (-10°C) ≥40 J | Amapayipi kawoyela negesi yemvelo ahamba ibanga elide, ikakhulukazi lawo okuthutha ahamba ibanga elide ngomfutho ophezulu, angamelana nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi njengokucindezeleka kwenhlabathi kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi. |
Inothi Engeziwe:
I-A53 kanye ne-A106 zingaphansi kohlelo olujwayelekile lwe-ASTM. Eyokuqala igxile ekusetshenzisweni okuvamile emazingeni okushisa egumbi, kanti eyesibili igcizelela ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
I-X42, engeye-Ipayipi lensimbi le-API 5Lejwayelekile, yenzelwe ngqo ukuthuthwa kukawoyela negesi, igcizelela ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nokumelana nokukhathala. Iyinto eyinhloko yamapayipi ahamba ibanga elide.
Ukukhetha kufanele kusekelwe ekuhlolweni okuphelele kokucindezela, izinga lokushisa, ukugqwala okuphakathi nendawo, kanye nendawo yephrojekthi. Isibonelo, i-X42 ikhethwa kakhulu ekuthuthweni kukawoyela negesi okunomfutho ophezulu, kanti i-A106 ikhethwa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zomusi ezisebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
IQEMBU LASEBUKHOSINI
Ikheli
Indawo yezimboni zokuthuthukiswa kweKangsheng,
Isifunda saseWuqing, idolobha laseTianjin, eChina.
I-imeyili
Amahora
UMsombuluko-NgeSonto: Isevisi yamahora angu-24
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-21-2025