Ipayipi le-APIidlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwezimboni zamandla ezifana nowoyela negesi. I-American Petroleum Institute (API) isungule uchungechunge lwezindinganiso eziqinile ezilawula zonke izici zepayipi le-API, kusukela ekukhiqizeni kuya ekusetshenzisweni, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwayo.

Inqwaba yamapayipi ensimbi e-API 5L abekwe ndawonye ngobunono, anamamodeli wezinto ezithile aphawulwe emapayipini, afanekisela ikhwalithi ephezulu nokwethembeka.

Ipayipi le-API 5LAmazinga Okuqinisekisa

Isitifiketi sepayipi lensimbi ye-API siqinisekisa ukuthi abakhiqizi bahlala bekhiqiza imikhiqizo ehambisana nokucaciswa kwe-API. Ukuthola i-API monogram, izinkampani kufanele zihlangabezane nezidingo ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, kufanele babe nesistimu yokuphatha ikhwalithi esebenze ngokuzinza okungenani izinyanga ezine futhi ethobelana ngokugcwele ne-API Specification Q1. I-API Specification Q1, njengendinganiso ehamba phambili yokuphathwa kwekhwalithi embonini, ayifinyeleli nje kuphela izimfuneko eziningi ze-ISO 9001 kodwa futhi ihlanganisa nemibandela ethile eklanyelwe izidingo ezihlukile zomkhakha kawoyela negesi. Okwesibili, izinkampani kufanele zichaze ngokucacile nangokunembile isistimu yazo yokuphatha ikhwalithi kumanuwali ekhwalithi yazo, ifaka zonke izimfuneko ze-API Specification Q1. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani kufanele zibe namandla obuchwepheshe adingekayo ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi zingakwazi ukwenza imikhiqizo ethobelana nokucaciswa komkhiqizo we-API osebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani kufanele njalo ziqhube ukucwaninga kwangaphakathi nokuphatha ngokuhambisana ne-API Specification Q1, futhi zigcine imibhalo enemininingwane yenqubo yocwaningomabhuku kanye nemiphumela. Mayelana nokucaciswa komkhiqizo, abafake izicelo kufanele bagcine okungenani ikhophi eyodwa yenguqulo yakamuva esemthethweni yesiNgisi ye-API Q1 ecacisiwe kanye nokucaciswa komkhiqizo we-API welayisensi abayifakela isicelo. Ukucaciswa komkhiqizo kufanele kushicilelwe i-API futhi kutholakale nge-API noma umsabalalisi ogunyaziwe. Ukuhumusha okungagunyaziwe kokushicilelwe kwe-API ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliwe ye-API kuhlanganisa ukwephulwa kwe-copyright.

Izinto Ezivamile Zepayipi Lensimbi le-API

Izinto ezintathu ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziswa epayipini le-API yi-A53, A106, ne-X42 (ibanga lensimbi elijwayelekile ku-API 5L ejwayelekile). Zihluke kakhulu ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini, kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuthebula elingezansi:

Uhlobo Lwezinto	Amazinga	I-Chemical Composition Characters	Izakhiwo Zemishini (Amanani Ajwayelekile)	Izindawo Zokusebenza Eziyinhloko
Ipayipi lensimbi i-A53	I-ASTM A53	I-Carbon steel ihlukaniswe ngamabanga amabili, A no-B. IBanga A linokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ≤0.25% kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-manganese kuka-0.30-0.60%; Ibanga B linokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni engu-≤0.30% kanye ne-manganese engu-0.60-1.05%. Ayiqukethe izakhi ze-alloying.	Amandla Esivuno: IBanga A ≥250 MPa, IBanga B ≥290 MPa; Amandla Okuqina: IBanga A ≥415 MPa, IBanga B ≥485 MPa	Ukuthuthwa koketshezi olunomfutho ophansi (njengamanzi negesi) kanye namapayipi esakhiwo ajwayelekile, alungele izindawo ezingagqwali.
Ipayipi Lensimbi le-A106	I-ASTM A106	I-high-temperature carbon steel ihlukaniswe ngamabanga amathathu, A, B, no-C. Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuyanda ngebanga (iBanga A ≤0.27%, iBanga C ≤0.35%). Okuqukethwe kwe-manganese ku-0.29-1.06%, futhi okuqukethwe kwesulfure ne-phosphorus kulawulwa ngokuqinile.	Amandla Esivuno: IBanga A ≥240 MPa, iBanga B ≥275 MPa, iBanga C ≥310 MPa; Amandla Okuqina: Wonke ≥415 MPa	Amapayipi esitimu anezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nomfutho ophezulu kanye namapayipi okuhluza uwoyela, okumele amelane namazinga okushisa aphezulu (imvamisa engu-≤ 425°C).
I-X42 (API 5L)	I-API 5L (I-Line Pipeline Steel Standard)	I-low-alloy, insimbi enamandla amakhulu inokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okungu-≤0.26% futhi iqukethe izakhi ezifana ne-manganese ne-silicon. Izakhi ze-Microalloying ezifana ne-niobium ne-vanadium ngezinye izikhathi zengezwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla nokuqina.	Amandla Esivuno ≥290 MPa; Amandla Okuqina 415-565 MPa; Ukuqina Okunomthelela (-10°C) ≥40 J	Amapayipi ahamba amabanga amade kawoyela negesi yemvelo, ikakhulukazi lawo okuhamba ngomfutho omkhulu, amabanga amade, angakwazi ukumelana nezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana nokucindezeleka kwenhlabathi kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi.

Inothi Elingeziwe:
I-A53 ne-A106 ingeyesistimu evamile ye-ASTM. Owokuqala ugxile ekusetshenzisweni okuvamile emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, kanti lokhu kwakamuva kugcizelela ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
I-X42, engeye-Ipayipi lensimbi le-API 5Lejwayelekile, yakhelwe ngqo ezokuthutha uwoyela negesi, igcizelela ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi nokumelana nokukhathala. Yimpahla ewumgogodla yamapayipi amabanga amade.

Ukukhethwa kufanele kusekelwe ekuhloleni okuphelele kwengcindezi, izinga lokushisa, ukugqwala okuphakathi nendawo, nendawo yephrojekthi. Isibonelo, i-X42 ikhethwa ekuthuthweni kukawoyela negesi enengcindezi ephezulu, kuyilapho i-A106 ikhethwa kumasistimu okushisa aphezulu.