Izindaba - Ipayipi Lensimbi Kawoyela: Izinto, Izakhiwo, Nosayizi Abavamile

Embonini enkulu kawoyela,Amafutha amapayipi ensimbi adlala indima ebalulekile, asebenza njengesiphathimandla esibalulekile ekulethweni kukawoyela negesi yemvelo isuka kumbiwa ngaphansi komhlaba iye kubasebenzisi bokugcina. Kusukela ekusebenzeni kokumba ezindaweni zikawoyela negesi kuya ekuthuthweni kwamapayipi amabanga amade, izinhlobo ezahlukene zeAmafutha amapayipi ensimbi, ngezinto zabo eziyingqayizivele kanye nezakhiwo, ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kwalo lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni. Lesi sihloko sizogxila epayipini lensimbi le-carbon steel, ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo, kanye nepayipi lensimbi le-API 5L (ipayipi lensimbi elihlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-API 5L), okuhlanganisa izibonelo ezijwayelekile ezifana nepayipi le-API 5L X70, ipayipi le-API 5L X60, nepayipi le-API 5L X52, enikeza isingeniso esinemininingwane ezintweni zokwakha, izakhiwo, nosayizi abavamile beAmafutha amapayipi ensimbi.

Ipayipi le-API 5L Ipayipi Elibalulekile Lokuthutha Amandla

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile

1. Ipayipi Lensimbi Yekhabhoni

Ipayipi lensimbi ye-Carbon ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhuluAmafutha amapayipi ensimbi. Ngokuyinhloko yakhiwe ngensimbi ne-carbon, enenani elincane le-manganese, i-silicon, isulfure, ne-phosphorus. Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kunquma amandla nokuqina kwensimbi. Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephezulu kwandisa amandla ensimbi, kodwa ukuqina nokushisela kuyehla. Embonini kawoyela, i-carbon steel pipe inikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu jikelele. Ayigcini nje ngokuba namandla aphezulu okumelana nezingcindezi zokuthutha uwoyela negesi, kodwa futhi inezinga elithile lokuqina lokuzivumelanisa nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuma komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ipayipi le-carbon steel linezindleko eziphansi futhi linikeza ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, okulenza lisetshenziswe kabanzi kumapayipi kawoyela negesi.

2. API 5L Steel Pipe Series Materials

Ipayipi lensimbi le-API 5L lakhiwe ngokwezinga le-API 5L elisungulwe yi-American Petroleum Institute (API) futhi lisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi amapayipi kawoyela negesi. Lolu chungechunge lwamapayipi ensimbi luhlukaniswa ngamamaki ahlukene ngokusekelwe emandleni ensimbi, njenge-X52, X60, ne-X70. Isibonelo, i-API 5L X52 Pipe yenziwe ngensimbi ye-low-alloy eqinile. Ngaphezu kwezakhi eziyisisekelo ezifana ne-carbon ne-iron, liqukethe nezakhi ze-alloying ezifana ne-niobium, i-vanadium, ne-titanium. Ukwengezwa kwalezi zakhi ze-alloying kuthuthukisa kakhulu amandla nokuqina kwensimbi, kuyilapho futhi kuthuthukisa ukushisela kwayo nokungagqwali. Izinto ze-Api 5l X60 Pipe kanye ne-Api 5l X70 Pipe zithuthukiswa ngokwengeziwe ngokusekelwe kulesi sisekelo. Ngokulungisa isilinganiso se-alloying element kanye nenqubo yokwelapha ukushisa, amandla ensimbi nokusebenza kukonke kuthuthukiswa ngokwengeziwe, okuyenza ikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuthutha uwoyela negesi ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephakeme kanye nezimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi.

3. Ipayipi Lensimbi Elingenamthungo

Ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo likhiqizwa ngezinqubo ezifana nokubhobozwa nokugoqeka kwamapayipi. Impahla yayo empeleni iyafana nepayipi lensimbi ye-carbon eshiwo ngenhla kanye nepayipi lensimbi le-Api 5l, kodwa imvelo eyingqayizivele yenqubo yokukhiqiza yayo ikunika izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele. Ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo alinawo amashisela odongeni lwayo, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwesakhiwo esifanayo kanye namandla aphezulu. Ingakwazi ukumelana nezingcindezi eziphakeme kanye nezimo zemvelo ezinzima. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini kawoyela ngezicelo ezidinga ukusebenza okuphezulu, njengamapayipi kawoyela negesi anengcindezi ephezulu kanye nama-wellheads.

Izakhiwo Nezimpawu

1. Amandla

Amandla ayingxenye ebalulekile yamapayipi kawoyela, okuthinta ngokuqondile ukuphepha kwawo ngesikhathi sokuthutha uwoyela negesi. Ibanga lamandla lamapayipi ensimbi ochungechunge lwe-API 5l liboniswa inombolo elandela u-"X." Isibonelo, i-X52 ikhombisa ubuncane besivuno samandla obungu-52 ksi (amakhilogremu ngeyintshi yesikwele), okulingana cishe no-360 MPa ngama-megapascal; I-X60 inamandla amancane okukhiqiza angu-60 ksi (cishe ama-MPa angu-414); futhi i-X70 inamandla amancane okukhiqiza angu-70 ksi (cishe ama-MPa angu-483). Njengoba izinga lamandla likhula, ingcindezi ipayipi elingamelana nayo iyanda ngokufanele, okulenza lifanele amapayipi kawoyela negesi anezidingo ezihlukene zokucindezela. Ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo, ngenxa yesakhiwo salo esifanayo kanye nokusabalalisa amandla okuzinzile, lenza kangcono lapho libhekene nezingcindezi eziphezulu.

2. Ukumelana Nokugqwala

Ukuthuthwa kukawoyela negesi yemvelo kungase kuqukathe imidiya ebolayo njenge-hydrogen sulfide ne-carbon dioxide, ngakho-ke amapayipi kawoyela kufanele abe nezinga elithile lokumelana nokugqwala. Ipayipi lensimbi ye-Carbon ngokwemvelo linokumelana nokugqwala okubuthakathaka, kodwa ukumelana nokugqwala kwalo kungathuthukiswa ngokuphawulekayo ngokwengeza izakhi ze-alloying (njenge-chromium ne-molybdenum ochungechungeni lwe-Api 5l) kanye nokusebenzisa izinto zokwelapha ezingaphandle kokugqwala (ezifana nama-coatings kanye nama-plating). Ngokuklama okubalulekile nokucutshungulwa okufanele, i-Api 5l X70 Pipe, X60 Pipe, kanye ne-X52 Pipe, phakathi kokunye, igcina impilo ende yesevisi ezindaweni ezonakalisayo.

3. Ukushisela

Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwamapayipi kawoyela, amapayipi ensimbi kufanele axhunywe ngokushisela, okwenza ukushisela kube isici esibalulekile sepayipi lensimbi lepayipi likawoyela. Ipayipi lensimbi le-Api 5l lenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukushiseleka okuhle kakhulu, liqinisekisa amandla nokuqina kwamajoyinti ashiselwe. Ukushisela kwekhwalithi ephezulu kungafinyelelwa futhi ngepayipi lensimbi ye-carbon kanye nepayipi lensimbi engenamthungo ngokusebenzisa amasu okushisela afanelekile.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwegobolondo likawoyela, umehluko ovela kumapayipi e-API, nezici

Osayizi Abavamile

1. Ububanzi bangaphandle

Amapayipi ensimbi epayipi likawoyela eza ezinhlobonhlobo zamadayamitha angaphandle ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zokuthutha ezihlukahlukene. Osayizi abajwayelekile bangaphandle bobubanzi be-Api 5L uchungechunge lwamapayipi ensimbi bahlanganisa 114.3mm (4 amayintshi), 168.3mm (6.625 amayintshi), 219.1mm (8.625 amayintshi), 273.1mm (10.75 amayintshi), 323.9mm (12.75 amayintshi), 40 mm amayintshi), 457.2mm (18 amayintshi), 508mm (20 amayintshi), 559mm (22 amayintshi), futhi 610mm (24 amayintshi). Ubukhulu bangaphandle bosayizi wamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo afana nalawo ochungechunge lwe-Api 5L, kodwa osayizi abangajwayelekile nabo bangakhiqizwa ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende.

2. Ukuqina Kwezindonga

Ukuqina kwezindonga kuyisici esibalulekile esithinta amandla namandla okuthwala umthwalo wamapayipi ensimbi. Ubukhulu bodonga lwamapayipi ensimbi ye-petroleum buyahlukahluka kuye ngesilinganiso sokucindezela kanye nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza. Uma sithatha ipayipi le-API 5L X52 njengesibonelo, kububanzi obungaphandle obungu-114.3mm, ubukhulu bodonga obuvamile buhlanganisa u-4.0mm, 4.5mm, no-5.0mm. Ngobubanzi obungaphandle obungu-219.1mm, ukujiya kodonga kungase kube ngu-6.0mm, 7.0mm, noma u-8.0mm. Amapayipi e-API 5L X60 kanye ne-X70, ngenxa yezidingo zawo eziphakeme zamandla, ngokuvamile anezindonga eziwugqinsi kunamapayipi angu-X52 anobubanzi obufanayo bangaphandle ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla anele nokuphepha. Ukuqina kodonga lwepayipi lensimbi engenamthungo kungalawulwa ngokunembile ngokusekelwe ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza kanye nezidingo zamakhasimende, kusukela ku-2mm kuya kumashumi amaningana amamilimitha.

3. Ubude

Ubude obujwayelekile bepayipi lensimbi ye-petroleum ngokuvamile bungamamitha angu-6, amamitha angu-12, njll, ukuze kube lula ukuhamba nokwakhiwa. Ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, ubude bangokwezifiso bungabuye bukhiqizwe ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zephrojekthi yepayipi, ukunciphisa ukusika endaweni kanye nomsebenzi wokushisela kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa.

Kafushane, impahla, izakhiwo, nobukhulu obuvamile beAmafutha amapayipi ensimbi ayizici ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwawo. Ipayipi Lensimbi Lekhabhoni, Ipayipi Lensimbi Elingenamthungo, namapayipi ensimbi kuIpayipi lensimbi le-Api 5luchungechunge, olufana ne-X70, i-X60, ne-X52, ngalinye lidlala indima ebalulekile ezindaweni ezahlukene ze-Amafutha imboni ngenxa yezinzuzo zabo eziyingqayizivele. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwe-Amafutha imboni, ukusebenza kanye nezidingo zekhwalithi zeAmafutha amapayipi ensimbi aya ngokuya eqina. Esikhathini esizayo, ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhuluAmafutha amapayipi ensimbi azothuthukiswa futhi asetshenziswe ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zezimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokuhamba ibanga elide, ukucindezela okukhulu.