Izindaba - Ipayipi Lensimbi Kawoyela: Izinto Zokusebenza, Izakhiwo, kanye Nobukhulu Obuvamile

Embonini enkulu kawoyela,Amafutha amapayipi ensimbi adlala indima ebalulekile, esebenza njengomthwali obalulekile ekulethweni kukawoyela negesi yemvelo kusuka ekukhishweni komhlaba kuya kubasebenzisi bokugcina. Kusukela emisebenzini yokumba emasimini kawoyela negesi kuya ekuthuthweni kwamapayipi akude, izinhlobo ezahlukeneAmafutha amapayipi ensimbi, ngezinto zabo ezihlukile kanye nezakhiwo, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kochungechunge lonke lwemboni. Lesi sihloko sizogxila epayipini lensimbi yekhabhoni, ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo, kanye nepayipi lensimbi le-API 5L (ipayipi lensimbi elihlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-API 5L), kufaka phakathi izibonelo ezijwayelekile njengepayipi le-API 5L X70, ipayipi le-API 5L X60, kanye nepayipi le-API 5L X52, okuhlinzeka ngesingeniso esiningiliziwe sezinto zokwakha, izakhiwo, kanye nosayizi ojwayelekile weAmafutha amapayipi ensimbi.

Ipayipi le-API 5L Ipayipi Elibalulekile Lokuthutha Amandla

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile

1. Ipayipi Lensimbi Yekhabhoni

Ipayipi lensimbi yekhabhoni lingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhuluAmafutha Amapayipi ensimbi. Yakhiwe ngokuyinhloko ngensimbi nekhabhoni, enenani elincane le-manganese, i-silicon, i-sulfur, ne-phosphorus. Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kunquma amandla nokuqina kwensimbi. Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okuphezulu kwandisa amandla ensimbi, kodwa ukuqina nokushibilika kwehla. Embonini kawoyela, ipayipi lensimbi yekhabhoni linikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu. Aligcini nje ngokuba namandla aphezulu okubekezelela izingcindezi zokuthuthwa kukawoyela negesi, kodwa futhi linezinga elithile lokuqina lokuzivumelanisa nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zejoloji. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ipayipi lensimbi yekhabhoni lishibhile kakhulu futhi linikeza ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, okwenza lisetshenziswe kabanzi kumapayipi kawoyela negesi.

2. Izinto Zochungechunge Lwepayipi Lensimbi le-API 5L

Ipayipi Lensimbi le-API 5L lenziwa ngokwezinga le-API 5L elisungulwe yi-American Petroleum Institute (API) futhi lisetshenziswa kakhulu kumapayipi kawoyela negesi. Lolu chungechunge lwamapayipi ensimbi luhlukaniswe ngamabanga ahlukene ngokusekelwe emandleni ensimbi, njenge-X52, X60, kanye ne-X70. Isibonelo, ipayipi le-API 5L X52 lenziwe ngensimbi enamandla aphezulu ene-alloy ephansi. Ngaphezu kwezinto eziyisisekelo ezifana nekhabhoni nensimbi, liqukethe nezinto zokuhlanganisa ezifana ne-niobium, vanadium, kanye ne-titanium. Ukwengezwa kwalezi zinto zokuhlanganisa kuthuthukisa kakhulu amandla nokuqina kwensimbi, kuyilapho kuthuthukisa ukushibilika kwayo kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Izinto zepayipi le-Api 5l X60 kanye nepayipi le-Api 5l X70 zithuthukiswa ngokwengeziwe ngokusekelwe kulesi sisekelo. Ngokulungisa isilinganiso se-alloying element kanye nenqubo yokwelapha ukushisa, amandla ensimbi kanye nokusebenza kwayo konke kuthuthukiswa kakhulu, okwenza ikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuthuthwa kukawoyela negesi ngaphansi kwezingcindezi eziphakeme kanye nezimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

3. Ipayipi Lensimbi Elingenamthungo

Ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo lenziwa ngezinqubo ezifana nokubhoboza kanye nokugoqa ipayipi. Izinto zalo zifana kakhulu nepayipi lensimbi yekhabhoni elishiwo ngenhla kanye nepayipi lensimbi le-Api 5l elichungechunge, kodwa uhlobo oluhlukile lwenqubo yalo yokukhiqiza lulinika izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele. Ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo alinazo izingcezu zokushisela odongeni lwalo, okuholela esakhiweni esifanayo kanye namandla aphezulu. Lingamelana nokucindezeleka okuphezulu kanye nezimo zemvelo ezinzima. Ngakho-ke, livame ukusetshenziswa embonini kawoyela ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukusebenza okuphezulu, njengepayipi likawoyela negesi elinomfutho ophezulu kanye nezinhloko zemithombo yamanzi.

Izakhiwo kanye Nezimpawu

1. Amandla

Amandla ayisici esibalulekile samapayipi kawoyela, athinta ngqo ukuphepha kwawo ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa kukawoyela negesi. Izinga lamandla lamapayipi ensimbi ochungechunge lwe-API 5l liboniswa yinombolo elandela u-"X." Isibonelo, i-X52 ikhombisa amandla okukhiqiza okungenani angu-52 ksi (amakhilogremu nge-intshi yesikwele), okulingana cishe ne-360 MPa kuma-megapascal; i-X60 inamandla okukhiqiza okungenani angu-60 ksi (cishe i-414 MPa); kanti i-X70 inamandla okukhiqiza okungenani angu-70 ksi (cishe i-483 MPa). Njengoba izinga lamandla landa, ingcindezi ipayipi elingayimela iyanda ngokufanele, okwenza ifaneleke kumapayipi kawoyela negesi anezidingo zokucindezela ezihlukahlukayo. Ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo, ngenxa yesakhiwo salo esifanayo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamandla okuzinzile, lisebenza kangcono uma libekezelela ingcindezi ephezulu.

2. Ukumelana Nokugqwala

Ukuthuthwa kukawoyela negesi yemvelo kungase kube nezinto ezibangela ukugqwala njenge-hydrogen sulfide kanye ne-carbon dioxide, ngakho-ke amapayipi kawoyela kumele abe nezinga elithile lokumelana nokugqwala. Ipayipi lensimbi yekhabhoni ngokwemvelo linokumelana nokugqwala okubuthakathaka, kodwa ukumelana kwalo nokugqwala kungathuthukiswa kakhulu ngokungeza izinto ezixubayo (njenge-chromium kanye ne-molybdenum ochungechungeni lwe-Api 5l) kanye nokusebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha ezilwa nokugqwala ebusweni (njengezimbozo kanye ne-plating). Ngokuklanywa nokucubungula okufanele kwezinto, i-Api 5l X70 Pipe, i-X60 Pipe, kanye ne-X52 Pipe, phakathi kokunye, zigcina impilo yenkonzo ende ezindaweni ezibangela ukugqwala.

3. Ukushibilika

Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwepayipi likawoyela, amapayipi ensimbi kumele axhunywe ngokushisela, okwenza ukushisela kube yisici esibalulekile sepayipi lensimbi lepayipi likawoyela. Ipayipi lensimbi lochungechunge lwe-Api 5l lenzelwe ngqo ukushisela okuhle kakhulu, okuqinisekisa ukuqina nokuqina kwamajoyinti ashiselwe. Ukushisela kwekhwalithi ephezulu kungatholakala futhi ngepayipi lensimbi yekhabhoni kanye nepayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo kusetshenziswa amasu okushisela afanele.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-casing kawoyela, umehluko kumapayipi e-API, kanye nezici

Osayizi Abavamile

1. Ububanzi Bangaphandle

Amapayipi ensimbi epayipi likawoyela afika ngobubanzi obuhlukahlukene bobubanzi bangaphandle ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ezahlukene zokuhamba. Osayizi abavamile bobubanzi bangaphandle bamapayipi ensimbi ochungechunge lwe-Api 5L bahlanganisa u-114.3mm (4 amayintshi), u-168.3mm (6.625 amayintshi), u-219.1mm (8.625 amayintshi), u-273.1mm (10.75 amayintshi), u-323.9mm (12.75 amayintshi), u-355.6mm (14 amayintshi), u-406.4mm (16 amayintshi), u-457.2mm (18 amayintshi), u-508mm (20 amayintshi), u-559mm (22 amayintshi), kanye no-610mm (24 amayintshi). Osayizi bobubanzi bangaphandle bamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo bafana nobochungechunge lwe-Api 5L, kodwa osayizi abangebona abajwayelekile nabo bangakhiqizwa ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende.

2. Ubukhulu Bodonga

Ubukhulu bodonga buyisici esibalulekile esithinta amandla kanye nomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo wamapayipi ensimbi. Ubukhulu bodonga lwamapayipi ensimbi kaphethiloli buyahlukahluka kuye ngesilinganiso sokucindezela kanye nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza. Uma sithatha ipayipi le-API 5L X52 njengesibonelo, ngobubanzi bangaphandle obungu-114.3mm, ubukhulu bodonga obuvamile buhlanganisa u-4.0mm, 4.5mm, kanye no-5.0mm. Ngobubanzi bangaphandle obungu-219.1mm, ubukhulu bodonga bungaba ngu-6.0mm, 7.0mm, noma u-8.0mm. Amapayipi e-API 5L X60 kanye ne-X70, ngenxa yezidingo zawo zamandla aphezulu, ngokuvamile anezindonga ezijiyile kunezipayipi ze-X52 zobubanzi bangaphandle obufanayo ukuqinisekisa amandla nokuphepha okwanele. Ubukhulu bodonga lwepayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo lungalawulwa ngokunembile ngokusekelwe ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza kanye nezidingo zamakhasimende, kusukela ku-2mm kuya ku-millimitha angamashumi amaningana.

3. Ubude

Ubude obujwayelekile bepayipi lensimbi kaphethiloli ngokuvamile bungamamitha ayi-6, amamitha ayi-12, njll., ukuze kube lula ukuthuthwa nokwakhiwa. Ezisetshenzisweni zangempela, ubude obungokwezifiso bungakhiqizwa futhi ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zephrojekthi yepayipi, kunciphisa umthwalo wokusika nokushisela endaweni kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokwakha.

Ngamafuphi, izinto, izakhiwo, kanye nobukhulu obujwayelekile beAmafutha Amapayipi ensimbi ayizici ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwawo. Ipayipi Lensimbi Yekhabhoni, Ipayipi Lensimbi Elingenamthungo, kanye namapayipi ensimbi kuIpayipi Lensimbi le-Api 5luchungechunge, njenge-X70, X60, kanye ne-X52, ngalunye ludlala indima ebalulekile ezindaweni ezahlukene ze-Amafutha imboni ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo eziyingqayizivele. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kweAmafutha imboni, izidingo zokusebenza kanye nekhwalithiAmafutha Amapayipi ensimbi aya ngokuya eqina. Esikhathini esizayo, ukusebenza kahle kakhuluAmafutha Amapayipi ensimbi azothuthukiswa futhi asetshenziswe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokuthuthwa okude nokucindezela okuphezulu.