NgesikhathiEsikhathini se-14 Seminyaka Emihlanu Yohlelo, imboni yensimbi engagqwali yezwe lami iye yathuthuka kancane kancane endaweni yemakethe eyinkimbinkimbi, inqoba izinselele ezifana nokushintshashintsha kwamanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukukhula kwesidingo okuhamba kancane, kanye nokungqubuzana kwezohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, futhi yenze intuthuko enkulu emandleni okukhiqiza, ezingeni lobuchwepheshe, kanye nesakhiwo sezimboni.
1. Isikali samandla okukhiqiza siyahola emhlabeni, futhi ukuhlushwa kwezimboni kukhuphukile.
Ngokusho kwedatha ye-Stainless Steel Branch ye-China Iron and Steel Industry Association, ngo-2024,insimbi engagqwali yaseShayinaumkhiqizo uzofinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-39.44, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-7.54%, okubalwa u-63% womkhiqizo womhlaba wonke, okubekwe endaweni yokuqala emhlabeni iminyaka eminingi ilandelana. Ngesikhathi "se-14th Five-Year Plan", ukuhlushwa kwemboni yensimbi engagqwali yezwe lami kwaqhubeka nokukhula. Amandla okukhiqiza ahlanganisiwe amabhizinisi ahamba phambili njenge-China Baowu, i-Tsingshan Group, ne-Jiangsu Delong abambe ngaphezu kuka-60% wezwe, futhi umphumela wokuhlanganiswa kwezimboni wawubalulekile.
2. Isakhiwo somkhiqizo saqhubeka nokulungiswa.
Ngesikhathi "soHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu lwe-14", ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo sezinhlobo zensimbi engagqwali ezweni lakithi kwasheshiswa.Phakathi kwazo, isilinganiso sensimbi engagqwali engu-300 sikhuphuke sisuka ku-47.99% ngo-2020 saya ku-51.45% ngo-2024, kanti isilinganiso sensimbi engagqwali engu-duplex sakhuphuka sisuka ku-0.62% saya ku-1.04%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko kanye nokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo wensimbi engagqwali ezweni lami kwenze izinto ezintsha: ngo-2020, i-TISCO Stainless Steel yakhiqiza imichilo emincane yokunemba engu-0.015 mm; i-Qingtuo Group yathuthukisa futhi yakhiqiza ngezimboni insimbi engagqwali engu-duplex engabizi futhi esindisa amandla i-QD2001; i-Institute of Metal Research, i-Chinese Academy of Sciences kanye ne-TISCO bathuthukise ngokuhlanganyela insimbi engagqwali engu-316KD ye-reactor esheshayo yokubonisa amandla enuzi yesizukulwane sesine; I-Northeast Special Steel ithuthukise imichilo yezakhiwo ezisebenza ngogesi ephezulu kakhulu, amakhoyili ambozwe nge-alloy e-A286 ukuze athathe indawo yokungenisa, insimbi engagqwali entsha enamandla okuqina kwemvula enamandla aphezulu i-HPBS1200 yezikhali, i-alloy esezingeni eliphezulu i-ERNiCrMo-3, izintambo zokushisela zensimbi engagqwali eziphezulu ze-HSRD zama-boiler amasha anamandla aphezulu kakhulu, kanye nemigoqo yensimbi engagqwali engu-316H emikhulu yamaphrojekthi e-reactor esheshayo angu-600 MW. Ngo-2021, i-Jiugang yathuthukisa insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic ene-carbon ephezulu kakhulu i-6Cr13 yama-razor aphezulu, yaphula ubukhosi bangaphandle; i-TISCO yethule umucu wokuqala wokunemba kwensimbi engagqwali ongu-0.07 mm emhlabeni kanye nomucu wokunemba kwensimbi engagqwali ongathungwanga; i-Qingtuo Group yethule insimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic yokuqala yasekhaya enobungani nemvelo ye-lead-free bismuth yokukhiqiza ngobuningi ekukhiqizeni ama-pen tip, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kokusika, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokuqina kwe-inki nezinye izinkomba zobuchwepheshe kuholela eShayina. Ngo-2022, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali e-Fushun Special Steel ebanga le-urea SH010 adlule isitifiketi se-EU futhi athola indawo yasekhaya; ipuleti lensimbi engagqwali le-TISCO le-SUS630 eligoqwe ngokubandayo laxazulula ngempumelelo inkinga "yebhodlela" embonini yamabhodi wesekethe aphrintiwe ezweni lami; I-Qingtuo Group yathuthukisa insimbi engagqwali e-austenitic ene-nitrogen ephezulu ye-QN2109-LH yokugcina i-hydrogen emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Ngo-2023, insimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic ye-TISCO emsulwa kakhulu i-TFC22-X izolethwa ngamaqoqo ezinkampanini ezihamba phambili zamaseli kaphethiloli zasekhaya; izithiyo zezingozi zomgwaqo ezenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali ye-GN500 entsha ye-Beigang zidlule izinhlobo ezintathu zokuhlolwa komthelela wezimoto zangempela; insimbi engagqwali enamandla aphezulu futhi engabizi ye-Qingtuo Group izonikezwa ngamaqoqo kumaphrojekthi okwakha asevele enziwe. Ngo-2024, imikhiqizo ye-iron-chromium-aluminium equkethe i-lanthanum ebanzi futhi enesisindo esikhulu emhlabeni wonke izokwethulwa e-TISCO, futhi izinto eziyinhloko ze-boiler yesiteshi samandla esibaluleke kakhulu i-C5 ezakhiwe yi-TISCO-TISCO Steel Pipe-Iron and Steel Research Institute zizokwenziwa zibe sendaweni ngempumelelo. I-TISCO izokhiqiza ngempumelelo i-foil ye-4J36 ecacile kakhulu yama-mask plates futhi ivivinye ngempumelelo ikhiqize ama-coil e-N06625 asekelwe ku-nickel alloy anesisindo esikhulu kanye nobubanzi; I-Ideal Auto kanye ne-Qingtuo Group's insimbi engagqwali eqinile futhi eqinile ethuthukiswe ngokuhlanganyela izosuka emgqeni wokukhiqiza; Iphrojekthi Yesisekelo Sokusungula Insimbi Engagqwali ye-Zibo ye-Taishan Steel - iphrojekthi yokuqala yokwakha eluhlaza eyenziwe ngokwezifiso yensimbi engagqwali egcwele isakhiwo ezweni izoqedwa.
3. Izinga lemishini yobuchwepheshe lihamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele, futhi ukuguqulwa okuhlakaniphile kuyashesha.
Njengamanje, imishini yobuchwepheshe yemboni yensimbi engagqwali yezwe lami isifinyelele ezingeni eliphakeme lamazwe ngamazwe kusukela ekusungulweni, ekugayweni kuya ekusungulweni okuzimele. I-TISCO Xinhai Base isebenzisa inqubo ye-RKEF esebenza kahle kakhulu emhlabeni (i-rotary kiln-submerged arc furnace) + AOD (i-argon oxygen refinery furnace), yakha ama-AOD furnace angu-2×120-ton, imishini ye-2×1 yensimbi engagqwali engu-1-stream, yethula umshini wokuqala we-2250 wide double-frame furnace coil mill wokukhiqiza insimbi engagqwali, futhi yakha amayunithi e-1×2100 mm + 1×1600 mm hot acid annealing; I-Qingtuo Group yakha umugqa wokuqala wokukhiqiza we-"hot rolling-hot annealing-online surface treatment" ohlanganisiwe emhlabeni wonke. Ngokuphathelene nokukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile, ifektri yesikhathi esizayo ye-Shangshang Desheng Group ifinyelele ukuxhumana okungenamthungo phakathi kwemishini nezinhlelo zolwazi ngezindlela zokuklama zedijithali kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile.
4. Inqubo yokwenziwa kwezwe lonke kweketanga lemboni yensimbi engagqwali yezwe lami iye yashesha.
Ngesikhathi "se-14th Five-Year Plan", imboni yensimbi engagqwali yezwe lami izokwakha izitshalo ze-nickel iron kanye ne-ferrochrome ezindaweni zemithombo ye-nickel-chromium. Izinkampani zaseShayina ezifana ne-China Steel kanye ne-Minmetals zitshale imali ezinsizeni ze-chromite eNingizimu Afrika, eZimbabwe nakwezinye izindawo. Izinkampani ezimbili ezinkulu zinamathani acishe abe yizigidi ezingu-260 kanye namathani ayizigidi ezingu-236 emithombo ye-ferrochrome ngokulandelana. Amaphrojekthi e-ferronickel ase-Indonesia ase-Qingshan Weida Bay Industrial Park, e-Zhenshi Group, e-Taishan Steel, e-Liqin Resources kanye nezinye izinkampani afakwe ekukhiqizweni ngokulandelana, kanti i-ferronickel inikezwe emakethe yasekhaya. I-nickel matte ephezulu yase-Qingshan Indonesia inikezwa emakethe yasekhaya futhi isiqalile ukukhiqizwa kwe-nickel ecolisisiwe kwezentengiselwano. Ukuhlolwa okushisayo kwephrojekthi yokuncibilikisa insimbi engagqwali engamathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.5 e-Indonesia kwaphumelela. I-Jiuli Group ithole inkampani yaseJalimane i-EBK eneminyaka eyikhulu ukuze yandise imakethe yamazwe ngamazwe yamapayipi ahlanganisiwe.
1. Izinga eliphezulu lokuncika kwangaphandle ezintweni zokusetshenziswa kanye nezingozi ezivelele zochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla.
Imithombo ye-nickel sulfide ore yezwe lami ingama-5.1% wenani eliphelele lomhlaba, kanti imithombo yayo ye-chromium ore ingama-0.001% kuphela wenani eliphelele lomhlaba. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinsiza ze-nickel-chromium ezidingekayo ukukhiqiza insimbi engagqwali cishe zincike ngokuphelele ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe. Njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi engagqwali ezweni lami kuqhubeka nokwanda, ukuthembela kwayo ezinsizeni ze-nickel-chromium kuzokhula kakhulu, kusongela ukuphepha kwemboni yensimbi engagqwali yezwe lami.
2. Ukuphikisana phakathi kokunikezwa kanye nesidingo kuye kwanda, futhi inzuzo yezinkampani ingaphansi kwengcindezi.
Ngesikhathi "soHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu lwe-14", amandla okukhiqiza insimbi engagqwali ezweni lami aqhubeka nokukhula, kodwa izinga lokusebenzisa amandla alo lehla. Ekupheleni kuka-2020, amandla okukhiqiza insimbi engagqwali kazwelonke ayengaba ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-38, kanti izinga lokusebenzisa amandla lalingaba ngu-79.3%; ekupheleni kuka-2024, amandla okukhiqiza insimbi engagqwali kazwelonke ayengaba ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-52.5, kanti izinga lokusebenzisa amandla lehla laya cishe ku-75%, futhi kwakusekhona amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-5 omthamo ngaphansi kokwakhiwa (okuhleliwe) eShayina. Ngo-2024, inzuzo iyonke yemboni yensimbi engagqwali yezwe lami yehla, isondela eduze komugqa we-break-even. Ukuqothuka kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha kweJiangsu Delong Nickel Industry kanye nokuthengiswa kwezabelo zePosco ePosco Zhangjiagang yiPosco eNingizimu Korea konke kuyizibonakaliso zesimo esibucayi semboni. Ukuze kugcinwe ukuhamba kwemali nokugcina ukukhiqizwa okuzinzile, imboni yensimbi engagqwali iveza isimo "sentengo ephansi kanye nokukhiqizwa okuphezulu". Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amazwe nezifunda ezihlanganisa izimakethe ezingaphezu kuka-60% zezidingo zabathengi baphesheya kwezilwandle zethule izinqubomgomo eziningana zokuvikela ukuhweba kwemikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali yezwe lami, okuye kwathinta kakhulu ibhizinisi lokuthumela ngaphandle kwensimbi engagqwali yezwe lami.
3. Imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu isadinga ukungeniswa, futhi amakhono okusungula izinto ezintsha adinga ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha.
Njengamanje, imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi isabalulekile kakhulu emikhiqizweni yensimbi engagqwali yezwe lami. Kwezinye izindawo ezibalulekile, ikhwalithi yezinhlobo zensimbi engagqwali isadinga ukuthuthukiswa. Eminye imikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali enembile kakhulu isanzima ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sasekhaya futhi isadinga ukungeniswa, njengamashubhu esithando se-hydrogen esisebenza ngokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu kanye nokushintshana kokushisa.amashubhu angenasici, amapayipi amakhulu okucubungula anobubanzi obukhulu kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kwe-hydrogen asebenza ngomfutho ophezulu, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ebanga le-urea kanyeamapuleti ensimbi engagqwali, amapuleti okushintshanisa ukushisa adinga ukucutshungulwa okukhulu kwevolumu yokuguquguquka, kanye namapuleti abanzi namakhulu anezimo zokusebenza ezinzima zokushisa okuphezulu noma zokushisa okuphansi.
4. Ukukhula kwesidingo akwanele, futhi izindawo zokufaka izicelo ezintsha zidinga ukuthuthukiswa.
Njengoba umnotho wezwe lami ungena esimweni esisha esijwayelekile, ukukhula kokukhiqiza kwendabuko kuyehla, futhi isidingo sensimbi engagqwali siyancipha ngokufanele. Ikakhulukazi, izimboni ezifana nama-lifti nezimoto zibuthakathaka kakhulu ekukhuleni kwesidingo ngenxa yokugcwala kwemakethe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo sensimbi engagqwali ezimakethe ezisafufusa njengezimoto ezintsha zamandla namadivayisi ezokwelapha asikakhululwa ngokugcwele, futhi umfutho wokukhula kwesidingo jikelele awanele.
Ngokombono wamathuba, imboni yensimbi engagqwali yezwe lami okwamanje ibhekene namathuba amaningi okuthuthukiswa.Okokuqala, ezingeni lenqubomgomo, izwe liyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza intuthuko esezingeni eliphezulu embonini yokukhiqiza. Alizange nje lethule uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokusekela ukuguqulwa okuluhlaza nokuhlakaniphile kwemboni yensimbi engagqwali, kodwa futhi laphoqa amabhizinisi ukuthi asheshise ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kusukela ezingeni lenqubomgomo, okwenza imboni ifinyelele impumelelo ekongiweni kwamandla, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya, ukwenza ngcono izinqubo, njll. Ngokukhuthazwa okujulile kokwakhiwa okuhlangene kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwesinyathelo esithi "Belt and Road", isidingo sokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eMpumalanga Ephakathi nakwezinye izifunda sikhule kakhulu, sakha amathuba okuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo kanye nokuhlelwa kwamandla okukhiqiza kwamanye amazwe kwamabhizinisi ensimbi engagqwali ezweni lami. Okwesibili, maqondana nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuhlanganiswa okujulile kobuchwepheshe bolwazi besizukulwane esisha njenge-AI (ubuhlakani bokufakelwa) kanye ne-big data kanye nokukhiqizwa kwensimbi engagqwali kukhuthaze ngempumelelo imboni ukuthi iqhubekele ekukhiqizeni okuhlakaniphile. Kusukela ekutholeni okuhlakaniphile kuya ekuthuthukiseni ukuzinza kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ekulingiseni izinqubo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinqubo zokukhiqiza, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kuba amandla ayinhloko okuthuthukisa imboni yensimbi engagqwali kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo. Okwesithathu, emkhakheni wesidingo esiphezulu, izimboni ezisafufusa ezifana nezimoto ezintsha zamandla, amandla e-hydrogen, kanye namandla enuzi ziye zachuma, okwenza kube nesidingo esikhulu sensimbi engagqwali esebenza kahle kakhulu, njengezingqwembe zensimbi engagqwali ezingagqwali nezihambisa umoya ezidingekayo ezinhlelweni zamaseli kaphethiloli, kanye nezinto ezikhethekile zokugcina i-hydrogen ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu. Lezi zimo zokusetshenziswa okuphezulu zivule isikhala esisha semakethe embonini.
Ngokombono wezinselelo, izinselelo ezibhekene nemboni yensimbi engagqwali yezwe lami njengamanje zithuthukiswe ngokuphelele.Okokuqala, maqondana nokuncintisana emakethe, ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwamandla okukhiqiza asekhaya kanye nokukhululwa kwamandla okukhiqiza aphesheya kwezilwandle asafufusa njenge-Indonesia kuholele ekuncintisaneni okukhulu emakethe yomhlaba wonke yensimbi engagqwali. Izinkampani zingase zikhulise "impi yamanani" ukuze zincintisane ngesabelo semakethe, zicindezele inzuzo yemboni. Okwesibili, maqondana nemikhawulo yezinsizakusebenza, amanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile njenge-nickel ne-chromium akhuphukile ngenxa yezici ezifana ne-geopolitics kanye nokuqagela kwemakethe, kanye nezingozi zokuphepha kweketanga lokuhlinzeka zikhuphukile kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lokuvuselela kabusha insimbi engagqwali olula lusaphelele, futhi ukuncika kwangaphandle kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kusaphezulu, okwandisa kakhulu ingcindezi yezindleko zamabhizinisi. Okwesithathu, maqondana nokuguqulwa okuluhlaza, izithiyo zokuhweba ezifana ne-EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) zikhuphula ngqo izindleko zokuthumela ngaphandle, kanye nezinqubomgomo zokulawula ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni zasekhaya ziya ngokuya ziba nzima. Amabhizinisi adinga ukwandisa ukutshalwa kwezimali ekuguqulweni kobuchwepheshe bokonga amandla kanye nokushintshaniswa kwamandla ahlanzekile, futhi izindleko zokuguqulwa ziyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka. Emvelweni wokuhweba ngamazwe ngamazwe, amazwe athuthukile avame ukuvimbela ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali yezwe lami egameni "lezithiyo eziluhlaza" kanye "nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe", kuyilapho amazwe nezifunda ezifana ne-India kanye ne-Southeast Asia ethatha izintambo zokudluliselwa kwamandla okukhiqiza aphansi ngezinzuzo zawo zezindleko. Ngokuphikisana nalesi simo, indawo yemakethe yensimbi engagqwali yezwe lami ibhekene nengozi yokuguguleka.
1. Gxila ekukhetheni okukhethekile kanye nentuthuko ephezulu
Izinkampani ezihamba phambili zamazwe ngamazwe njengeSandvik yaseSweden kanye neThyssenKrupp yaseJalimane sekuyisikhathi eside zigxile emkhakheni wensimbi engagqwali ephezulu. Zithembele eminyakeni eminingi yokuqongelela ubuchwepheshe, zakhe izithiyo zobuchwepheshe ezigabeni zemakethe njengensimbi engagqwali engamelana nemisebe yemishini yamandla enuzi kanye nezinto ezilula ezinamandla aphezulu zezindiza. Ukusebenza komkhiqizo wabo kanye nezindinganiso zenqubo sekuyisikhathi eside kubusa ingxoxo yemakethe yomhlaba wonke. Nakuba izwe lami lithatha isikhundla esiphambili emhlabeni wonke ngobukhulu bomthamo wokukhiqiza insimbi engagqwali, kusenesikhala esikhulu sokuhlinzeka emakethe ephezulu. Kulokhu, izwe lami kufanele liqondise amabhizinisi abalulekile anezisekelo eziqinile nezinhlelo ze-R&D eziqinile ukuze kusheshiswe ukuguqulwa okuya "ekukhetheni, ekuqondeni nasekusunguleni izinto ezintsha". Ngokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo kanye nokuthambekela kwemithombo yemakethe, kufanele sikhuthaze amabhizinisi ukuthi enze intuthuko ensimbi engagqwali esebenza kahle kanye neminye imikhakha engaphansi, futhi sithuthukise inani elengeziwe lomkhiqizo ngamakhono ochwepheshe e-R&D; siqinisekise ukuzinza kwekhwalithi ngokulawula ukukhiqizwa okucwengekile, futhi sakhe izinzuzo zokuncintisana ezihlukile ngokusekelwe emizileni yobuchwepheshe ephawulekayo, futhi ekugcineni sibe nesikhundla esinenzuzo kakhulu ochungechungeni lwemboni yensimbi engagqwali yomhlaba wonke.
2.Qinisa uhlelo lokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe
Izinkampani zaseJapan ezifana ne-JFE kanye ne-Nippon Steel zakhe amakhono okuphindaphinda ubuchwepheshe okuqhubekayo ngokwakha uhlelo lokusungula izinto ezintsha olugcwele "lokuthuthukiswa kocwaningo-ukusetshenziswa okuyisisekelo-ukuguqulwa kwezimboni". Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabo kwe-R&D sekuyisikhathi eside kungaphezu kuka-3%, kuqinisekisa ubuholi babo kwezobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wezinto zensimbi engagqwali ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Imboni yensimbi engagqwali yezwe lami isenamaphutha kwezobuchwepheshe obubalulekile njengokuncibilikisa okuhlanzekile kakhulu kanye nokubumba ngokunemba. Kudingeka kwandise kakhulu ukuqina kokutshalwa kwezimali kwe-R&D, kuthembele emabhizinisini aholayo ukuhlanganisa amanyuvesi, izikhungo zocwaningo kanye nabasebenzisi abasezansi, kwakhiwe ipulatifomu yokusungula izinto ezintsha ngokubambisana kwemboni, izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme, ucwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa, kugxilwe ezindaweni ezibalulekile njengezinto ezimelana kakhulu nemvelo kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezihlakaniphile, kwenziwe ucwaningo oluhlangene, kuphulwe ukubusa kobuchwepheshe bangaphandle, futhi kufezwe ushintsho oluvela "ebuholini besilinganiso" luye "ebuholini bezobuchwepheshe".
3. Lungiselela ukwakheka kwezimboni futhi uqinise ukubambisana
Ngokuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kanye nokuhlela kabusha, izinkampani zensimbi engagqwali zaseYurophu naseMelika azigcinanga nje ngokuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwamandla okukhiqiza esifundeni, kodwa futhi zakhe uhlelo lwezimboni oluhambisanayo noluphezulu noluphansi oluhlanganisa izinsiza zezimayini, ukuncibilikisa nokucubungula, kanye nezicelo zokugcina, okuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ukuzinza kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka kanye namakhono okulawula izindleko. Kodwa-ke, imboni yensimbi engagqwali yezwe lami inezinkinga zomthamo wokukhiqiza ohlakazekile kanye nokuxhumana okunganele okuphezulu nokwephansi. Izwe lami kufanele liqondise amabhizinisi aholayo ukuze adlale indima emphumeleni wokuhlanganisa, futhi akhuthaze ukwakhiwa kochungechunge lwezimboni oluhlanganisiwe "lokuthengwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa okuluhlaza-ukuncibilikisa kanye nokukhiqiza-ukucubungula okujulile-ukusebenza kwesiphelo" ngokusebenzisa ukusebenza kwemali kanye nokubambisana kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, qinisa ukuxhumanisa okunesu namazwe anemithombo yamaminerali ye-nickel-chromium, abahlinzeki bemishini kanye nezimboni ezisezansi ukuze bakhe iphethini yokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni enkulu nenamandla.
4. Khuthaza intuthuko eluhlaza kanye ne-carbon ephansi
Ngokusetshenziswa kabanzi kobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza njengokusetshenziswa kabusha kwensimbi elahliwe ngendlela ephumelelayo (izinga lokusetshenziswa lidlula u-60%) kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngendlela exakile (ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okushisa okulahliwe kubalwa u-15%), ukuqina kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni kwamabhizinisi ensimbi engagqwali e-EU kungaphansi kuka-20% kunesilinganiso somhlaba wonke, futhi bathathe isinyathelo ezinqubweni zokuhweba ezifana nendlela yokulungisa imingcele yekhabhoni ye-EU. Njengoba bebhekene nezingcindezi ezimbili zomgomo "wekhabhoni ephindwe kabili" kanye nezithiyo zokuhweba eziluhlaza zomhlaba wonke, izwe lami kufanele lisheshise ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko yezinqubo zekhabhoni ephansi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo lisungule uhlelo lokubala lwekhabhoni oluhlanganisa wonke umjikelezo wokuphila, lihlanganise amazinga okukhiqiza aluhlaza kulo lonke uchungechunge njengokuthengwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokucubungula, ukuthunyelwa kwezinto kanye nokuthuthwa, futhi lithuthukise ukuncintisana kwemakethe yomhlaba wonke ngokusebenzisa isitifiketi somkhiqizo oluhlaza kanye nokusebenza kwempahla yekhabhoni.
5. Thuthukisa izwi lezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke
Njengamanje, ukubusa kohlelo lwezinga lensimbi engagqwali lwamazwe ngamazwe kusezandleni zezinkampani zaseYurophu naseMelika, okuholela ezithiyo zobuchwepheshe ezivame ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali esezingeni eliphezulu yezwe lami. Izwe lami kufanele lisekele izinhlangano zezimboni kanye namabhizinisi aholayo ukuthi ahlanganyele ngenkuthalo emsebenzini we-International Organisation for Standardization, aguqule ubuchwepheshe bezwe lami emikhakheni yensimbi engagqwali engavamile, ama-alloy amelana nokugqwala, njll. abe amazinga omhlaba wonke, akhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kanye nokubonakaliswa "kwezindinganiso zaseShayina" emazweni nasezifundeni eziseduze "neBelt and Road", futhi athuthukise izwi lemboni yensimbi engagqwali yezwe lami ochungechungeni lwezimboni zomhlaba wonke ngokukhipha okujwayelekile, ephula ukubusa okujwayelekile kwamazwe aseYurophu naseMelika.
I-Royal Steel Co., Ltd. iyibhizinisi lesimanje elihlanganisa izinsizakalo zokukhiqiza, ukucubungula, ukuthengisa kanye nezinsizakalo zokuthutha insimbi. Indlunkulu yayo eTianjin, inemishini yokukhiqiza ethuthukisiwe, ithimba lobuchwepheshe lochwepheshe kanye nohlelo lokuphatha ikhwalithi oluphelele, futhi izibophezele ekuhlinzekeni amakhasimende ngemikhiqizo yensimbi esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nezixazululo eziphelele. Sithengisa kakhulu ama-coil aphekiwe ngokushisa, amapuleti aphekiwe ngokushisa, amapuleti aphekiwe ngogesi, insimbi engagqwali, i-rebar, izintambo zocingo kanye neminye imikhiqizo yensimbi, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni, ekukhiqizeni imishini, ezimotweni, ezintweni zasekhaya, emandleni nakwezinye izimboni. Nikeza izinsizakalo zokucubungula ezenziwe ngokwezifiso njengokusika, ukugoba, ukushisela, kanye nokufutha ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zamakhasimende. Ngohlelo lokugcina impahla olusebenzayo kanye nohlelo lokuthutha, qiniseka ukuthi imikhiqizo ilethwa kumakhasimende ngendlela ephephile nangesikhathi esifanele.
I-Royal Steel Co., Ltd. ibilokhu ithatha "ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ikhwalithi, kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo" njengezindinganiso zayo eziyinhloko, iqhubeka nokwenza ngcono ukwakheka kochungechunge lwezimboni, futhi ikhuthaze ngenkuthalo intuthuko eluhlaza yemboni. Esikhathini esizayo, sizoqhubeka nokusebenza ndawonye nabalingani basekhaya nabangaphandle ukuze kube nesimo esizuzisa bonke futhi sinikele ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yomhlaba wonke!
IQEMBU LASEBUKHOSINI
Ikheli
Indawo yezimboni zokuthuthukiswa kweKangsheng,
Isifunda saseWuqing, idolobha laseTianjin, eChina.
I-imeyili
Amahora
UMsombuluko-NgeSonto: Isevisi yamahora angu-24
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-23-2025