Kumapayipi ezimboni kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesakhiwo,amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungobathathe isikhundla esivelele ngenxa yezinzuzo zabo eziyingqayizivele. Umehluko wabo kumapayipi ashiselwe kanye nezici zabo zemvelo yizici ezibalulekile ekukhetheni ipayipi elifanele.
Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo anikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile eziyinhloko ngaphezu kwamapayipi ashiselwe. Amapayipi ashiselwe enziwa ngokushisela amapuleti ensimbi ndawonye, okuholela ekuthungeni kwe-weld. Lokhu ngokwemvelo kunciphisa ukumelana kwabo nengcindezi futhi kungaholela ekuvuzeni ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphezulu kanye nezimo zokucindezela okukhulu ngenxa yokugxilisa ingcindezi kuma-seams. Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, akhiwa ngenqubo eyodwa yokwenza umqulu, aqede noma yikuphi ukuthunga. Bangakwazi ukumelana nezingcindezi eziphakeme namazinga okushisa, okubenza bathembeke kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezifana nokuthuthwa kwamafutha negesi kanye nama-boilers anengcindezi ephezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo anikezela ngokufana okukhulu kodonga, asusa ukuhlukahluka kokuqina kodonga okubangelwa ukushisela, ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwesakhiwo, nokunikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuthuthukisiwe. Impilo yabo yesevisi ngokuvamile ingaphezu kuka-30% ubude kunamapayipi ashiselwe.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza yamapayipi ensimbi engenamthungo iqinile futhi iyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi ehlanganisa ukugoqa okushisayo nokudweba okubandayo. Inqubo yokuginqika ngokushisa ishisisa i-billet yensimbi eqinile ifinyelele cishe ku-1200°C, bese iyigingqa emshinini wokubhoboza ibe yishubhu elingenalutho. Ishubhu libe selidlula emshinini wokulinganisa ukuze lilungise ububanzi kanye nomshini wokunciphisa ukuze lilawule ukujiya kodonga. Ekugcineni, iyapholiswa, iqondiswe, futhi ibonwe amaphutha. Inqubo yokudweba okubandayo isebenzisa ishubhu eligoqelwe ngokushisayo njengempahla eluhlaza. Ngemva kokukhetha ukususa isikali se-oxide, sidwetshwa sibe yisimo ngokusebenzisa isigayo sokudweba okubandayo. I-Annealing iyadingeka ukuze kuqedwe ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, okulandelwa ukuqeda nokuhlola. Kulezi zinqubo ezimbili, amashubhu ashisayo afanele ama-diameters amakhulu nezindonga eziwugqinsi, kuyilapho amashubhu adonswa ngokubanda anenzuzo kakhulu kuma-diameter amancane kanye nezicelo zokunemba okuphezulu.
Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo ahlanganisa kokubili amabanga ajwayelekile asekhaya nawamazwe ngamazwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukahlukene.
Izinto zasendlini ngokuyinhloko ziyi-carbon steel ne-alloy steel:
I-20# steel, okuyinsimbi evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu, inikeza ipulasitiki enhle kakhulu kanye nokucutshungulwa kalula, okuyenza isetshenziswe kabanzi kumapayipi ajwayelekile.
Insimbi engu-45# inikeza amandla aphezulu futhi ifanele izingxenye zesakhiwo semishini. Phakathi kwamapayipi ensimbi ye-alloy, insimbi engu-15CrMo imelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokukhasa, okuyenza ibe yisisekelo samabhoyela ezitshalo zamandla.
Ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo le-304, ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, lithandwa kakhulu ezimbonini zamakhemikhali nezokucubungula ukudla.
Izinto ezisezingeni lomhlaba nazo zisetshenziswa kabanzi:
Ngokwezinga lase-US ASTM,Ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo le-A106-Bkuyisinqumo esivamile sokuthuthwa kukawoyela negesi yemvelo. Amandla ayo aqinile afinyelela ku-415-550 MPa futhi angakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa okusebenza ukusuka ku -29°C kuya ku-454°C.
Ipayipi lengxubevange ye-A335-P91, ngenxa yokwakheka kwalo ingxubevange ye-chromium-molybdenum-vanadium, linikeza amandla aphezulu ezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokumelana ne-oxidation, okulenza lisetshenziswe ngokuvamile ekufakweni kwesitimu esikhulu samabhoyili ezitshalo zamandla amakhulu kakhulu.
Ngokwezinga le-European EN, i-P235GH carbon steel evela ochungechungeni lwe-EN 10216-2 ifaneleka kuma-boilers anengcindezi ephakathi nendawo nephansi kanye nemikhumbi yokucindezela.
Ipayipi lengxubevange le-P92 lidlula i-P91 ngamandla okukhuthazela ezinga lokushisa eliphezulu futhi liyinketho ekhethwayo yamaphrojekthi amakhulu wamandla ashisayo. Ipayipi lekhabhoni le-JIS elijwayelekile le-STPG370 linikeza ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko futhi lisetshenziswa kabanzi kumapayipi ajwayelekile ezimboni.
SUS316L ipayipi yensimbi engagqwali, esekelwe ku-304 insimbi engagqwali, yengeza i-molybdenum ukuze ithuthukise kakhulu ukumelana kwayo ne-chloride ion corrosion, iyenze ifanelekele ubunjiniyela basolwandle kanye ne-acid yamakhemikhali kanye nokuhamba kwe-alkali.
Ngokuphathelene nobukhulu, amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo ahluka ngobubanzi obungaphandle ukusuka ku-10mm kuya ku-630mm, anogqinsi olusuka ku-1mm kuya ku-70mm.
Kubunjiniyela obujwayelekile, amadayamitha angaphandle angu-15mm kuya ku-108mm kanye nogqinsi lwezindonga luka-2mm kuya ku-10mm asetshenziswa kakhulu.
Isibonelo, amapayipi anobubanzi obungaphandle obungu-25mm nogqinsi oluyi-3mm odongeni avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamanzi, kanti amapayipi anobubanzi obungaphandle obungu-89mm nogqinsi oluyi-6mm alungele ukuthuthwa kwemidiya yamakhemikhali.
Okokuqala, qinisekisa isitifiketi esibalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nezici zokuwumshini zihlangabezana nezidingo zedizayini. Isibonelo, amandla okukhiqiza angu-20# ensimbi akumele abe ngaphansi kuka-245 MPa, futhi amandla okukhiqiza e-ASTM A106-B kumele abe ngu-≥240 MPa.
Okwesibili, hlola izinga lokubukeka. Indawo engaphezulu kufanele ingabi namaphutha njengokuqhekeka nokugoqeka, futhi ukuchezuka kokuqina kodonga kumele kulawulwe ku-±10%.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, khetha imikhiqizo enezinqubo ezifanele nezinto zokwakha ezisuselwe esimweni sohlelo lokusebenza. Amapayipi agingqiwe ashisayo nama-alloys afana ne-A335-P91 akhethwa ezindaweni ezinomfutho ophezulu, kuyilapho amapayipi adonswa ngokubanda enconywa ukuze kusetshenziswe izinsimbi ezinembayo. Amapayipi ensimbi ye-SUS316L anconywa ezindaweni zasolwandle noma ezonakele kakhulu.
Okokugcina, cela ukuthi umphakeli anikeze umbiko wokuthola amaphutha, ogxile ekuhlonzeni amaphutha angaphakathi afihliwe ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga zekhwalithi ezingase zibe nomthelela ekuphepheni kwephrojekthi.
Lokhu kuphetha ingxoxo yalolu daba. Uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe ngamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo, sicela usithinte ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo futhi ithimba lethu labadayisi abaqeqeshiwe lizokujabulela ukukusiza.
IQEMBU LAKHONA
Ikheli
Indawo yemboni yokuthuthukisa i-Kangsheng,
Isifunda saseWuqing, idolobha laseTianjin, eChina.
Amahora
uMsombuluko-NgeSonto: Inkonzo yamahora angu-24
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-04-2025