Emisebenzini yokufakelwa kwamapayipi ezimboni kanye nezakhiwo,amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungoZinesikhundla esivelele ngenxa yezinzuzo zazo eziyingqayizivele. Umehluko wazo kumapayipi ahlanganisiwe kanye nezici zazo ezingokwemvelo yizici ezibalulekile ekukhetheni ipayipi elifanele.
Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo anikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile eziyinhloko ngaphezu kwamapayipi ahlanganisiwe. Amapayipi ahlanganisiwe enziwa ngokuhlanganisa amapuleti ensimbi ndawonye, okuholela ekuhlanganiseni imithungo. Lokhu kunciphisa ukumelana kwawo nokucindezela futhi kungaholela ekuvuzeni ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu ngenxa yokuxineka kokucindezeleka emithungweni. Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, akhiwa ngenqubo yokwakha imiqulu eyodwa, esusa noma yimiphi imithungo. Angamelana nokucindezela okuphezulu kanye namazinga okushisa, okwenza athembeke kakhulu ezisetshenzisweni ezifana nokuthuthwa kukawoyela negesi kanye nama-boilers anomfutho ophezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo anikeza ukufana okukhulu kobukhulu bodonga, aqede ukushintshashintsha kobukhulu bodonga okubangelwa ukushisela, ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwesakhiwo, kanye nokunikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuthuthukisiwe. Impilo yawo yesevisi ngokuvamile ingaphezu kuka-30% isikhathi eside kunamapayipi ahlanganisiwe.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo inzima futhi iyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi ehilela ukugoqa okushisayo nokudonsa okubandayo. Inqubo yokugoqa okushisayo ishisa i-billet yensimbi eqinile cishe ku-1200°C, bese iyigoqa ngomshini wokubhoboza iye epayipini elingenalutho. Ipayipi bese idlula ngomshini wokulinganisa ukuze ilungise ububanzi kanye nomshini wokunciphisa ukuze ilawule ukujiya kodonga. Ekugcineni, iphola, iqondiswe, futhi itholakale amaphutha. Inqubo yokudonsa okubandayo isebenzisa ipayipi eligoqekile elishisayo njengezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ngemva kokukhuhla ukuze kususwe isikali se-oxide, idwetshwa ibe sesimweni kusetshenziswa umshini wokudonsa okubandayo. Ukunamathisela kuyadingeka ukuze kuqedwe ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, kulandelwe ukuqeda nokuhlola. Kulezi zinqubo ezimbili, amapayipi agoqekile ashisayo afaneleka kumadayamitha amakhulu nezindonga ezijiyile, kuyilapho amapayipi adonswa okubandayo enenzuzo kakhulu kumadayamitha amancane kanye nokusetshenziswa okunembile okuphezulu.
Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo afaka amazinga ajwayelekile asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ezahlukahlukene.
Izinto zokwakha zasekhaya ngokuyinhloko ziyi-carbon steel kanye ne-alloy steel:
Insimbi engu-20#, insimbi yekhabhoni esetshenziswa kakhulu, inikeza ukwakheka okuhle kakhulu kanye nokulula kokucutshungulwa, okwenza isetshenziswe kabanzi emipayipini evamile.
Insimbi engu-45# inikeza amandla aphezulu futhi ifanelekela izingxenye zesakhiwo semishini. Phakathi kwamapayipi ensimbi e-alloy, insimbi engu-15CrMo imelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokukhukhuleka, okwenza ibe yinto eyinhloko yama-boilers esitshalo samandla.
Ipayipi elingenamthungo lensimbi engagqwali elingu-304, ngenxa yokumelana kwayo okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala, lithandwa kakhulu embonini yamakhemikhali nokucubungula ukudla.
Izinto ezijwayelekile zomhlaba wonke nazo zisetshenziswa kabanzi:
Ngokusho kwe-ASTM standard yase-US,Ipayipi elingenamthungo lensimbi yekhabhoni i-A106-Biyindlela evamile yokuthuthwa kukawoyela negesi yemvelo. Amandla ayo okudonsa afinyelela ku-415-550 MPa futhi ingamelana namazinga okushisa okusebenza asukela ku--29°C kuya ku-454°C.
Ipayipi le-alloy le-A335-P91, ngenxa yokwakheka kwalo kwe-chromium-molybdenum-vanadium alloy, linikeza amandla amahle kakhulu okushisa okuphezulu kanye nokumelana ne-oxidation, okwenza livame ukusetshenziswa kumapayipi amakhulu omusi wama-boiler esitshalo samandla abalulekile.
Ngokwezinga le-European EN, insimbi yekhabhoni ye-P235GH evela ochungechungeni lwe-EN 10216-2 ifaneleka kuma-boiler anengcindezi ephakathi nendawo nephansi kanye nemikhumbi yengcindezi.
Ipayipi le-alloy le-P92 lidlula i-P91 ngamandla okushisa aphezulu futhi liyindlela ekhethwayo yamaphrojekthi amakhulu wamandla okushisa. Ipayipi le-carbon le-STPG370 elijwayelekile le-JIS linikeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu futhi lisetshenziswa kabanzi kumapayipi ezimboni ajwayelekile.
Ipayipi lensimbi engagqwali le-SUS316L, esekelwe ensimbi engagqwali engu-304, yengeza i-molybdenum ukuze ithuthukise kakhulu ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kwe-chloride ion, okwenza ifanelekele ubunjiniyela basolwandle kanye nokuthuthwa kwe-chemical acid kanye ne-alkali.
Ngokuphathelene nobukhulu, amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo ahluka ngobukhulu obungaphandle kusukela ku-10mm kuya ku-630mm, kanti ubukhulu bodonga busukela ku-1mm kuya ku-70mm.
Kubunjiniyela obuvamile, ububanzi bangaphandle obungu-15mm kuya ku-108mm kanye nobukhulu bodonga obungu-2mm kuya ku-10mm buvame ukusetshenziswa.
Isibonelo, amapayipi anobubanzi bangaphandle obungu-25mm kanye nobukhulu bodonga obungu-3mm avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-hydraulic, kuyilapho amapayipi anobubanzi bangaphandle obungu-89mm kanye nobukhulu bodonga obungu-6mm afanelekela ukuthuthwa kwemidiya yamakhemikhali.
Okokuqala, qinisekisa isitifiketi sezinto ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zemishini kuhlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo. Isibonelo, amandla okukhiqiza ensimbi engu-20# kumele angabi ngaphansi kuka-245 MPa, kanye namandla okukhiqiza e-ASTM A106-B kumele abe ngu-≥240 MPa.
Okwesibili, hlola ikhwalithi yokubukeka. Ubuso kufanele bungabi namaphutha njengemifantu kanye nokugoba, futhi ukuphambuka kobukhulu bodonga kumele kulawulwe ngaphakathi kuka-±10%.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, khetha imikhiqizo enezinqubo nezinto ezifanele ngokusekelwe esimweni sokusetshenziswa. Amapayipi ashunqisiwe ashisayo kanye nama-alloy afana ne-A335-P91 ayathandwa ezindaweni ezinomfutho ophezulu, kuyilapho amapayipi adonswa kubanda enconywa ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle. Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali e-SUS316L anconywa ezindaweni zasolwandle noma ezigqwalile kakhulu.
Okokugcina, cela umhlinzeki ukuthi anikeze umbiko wokutholwa kwamaphutha, ogxile ekuboneni amaphutha angaphakathi afihliwe ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga zekhwalithi ezingathinta ukuphepha kwephrojekthi.
Lokhu kuphetha ingxoxo yalolu daba. Uma ungathanda ukufunda kabanzi ngamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo, sicela usithinte ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo futhi ithimba lethu lokuthengisa elingochwepheshe lizokujabulela ukukusiza.
IQEMBU LASEBUKHOSINI
Ikheli
Indawo yezimboni zokuthuthukiswa kweKangsheng,
Isifunda saseWuqing, idolobha laseTianjin, eChina.
I-imeyili
Amahora
UMsombuluko-NgeSonto: Isevisi yamahora angu-24
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-04-2025