Ezokwakha izakhiwo zanamuhla, ezokuthutha, imboni, kanye nobunjiniyela bamandla,isakhiwo sensimbi, ngezinzuzo zayo ezimbili kokubili ezintweni zokwakha kanye nesakhiwo, isibe yinto eyinhloko eqhuba ubuchwepheshe kwezobuchwepheshe bobunjiniyela. Isebenzisa insimbi njengento yayo eyinhloko ethwala umthwalo, idlula imikhawulo yezakhiwo zendabuko ngokukhiqiza kwezimboni kanye nokufakwa kwemodyuli, ihlinzeka ngezixazululo ezisebenzayo zamaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene ayinkimbinkimbi.
Incazelo kanye Nohlobo Lwesakhiwo Sensimbi
Isakhiwo sensimbi sibhekisela ohlelweni lwesakhiwo oluthwala umthwalo olwakhiwe yiamapuleti ensimbi, izingxenye zensimbi (Imisebe ye-H, Iziteshi ze-U, insimbi ye-engeli, njll.), kanye namapayipi ensimbi, aqiniswe ngokushisela, amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu, noma ama-rivets. Umongo wayo ukusebenzisa amandla aphezulu nokuqina kwensimbi ukuze idlulise ngokulinganayo imithwalo eqondile (isisindo esibi kanye nesisindo semishini) kanye nemithwalo evundlile (umoya nokuzamazama komhlaba) kusuka esakhiweni noma kuphrojekthi kuya esisekelweni sayo, kuqinisekisa ukuqina kwesakhiwo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezakhiwo zekhonkrithi, inzuzo eyinhloko yezakhiwo zensimbi isezimpahleni zazo zemishini: amandla azo okubamba angafinyelela ngaphezu kwe-345 MPa, okuphindwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kweziyi-10 kunekhonkrithi evamile; futhi ukuqina kwazo okuhle kakhulu kuzivumela ukuthi ziguquguquke ngaphansi komthwalo ngaphandle kokuphuka, okunikeza isiqinisekiso esiphindwe kabili sokuphepha kwesakhiwo. Lesi sici sizenza zingathathelwa indawo ezimweni ezinkulu, eziphakeme, kanye nemithwalo esindayo.
Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko Zezakhiwo Zensimbi
(I) Ukuhlukaniswa Ngokwesimo Sesakhiwo
Isakhiwo Sohlaka Lwesango: Lesi sakhiwo, esakhiwe ngamakholomu nemishayo, sakha uhlaka olufana "nesango", oluhlanganiswe nohlelo olusekelayo. Lufanele izitshalo zezimboni, izindawo zokugcina impahla, izitolo ezinkulu, nezinye izakhiwo. Ububanzi obuvamile busukela kumamitha ayi-15 kuya kwangu-30, kanti abanye badlula amamitha angu-40. Izingxenye zingalungiswa kusengaphambili emafektri, okuvumela ukufakwa endaweni ezinsukwini eziyi-15 kuya kwezingama-30 kuphela. Isibonelo, izindawo zokugcina impahla ze-JD.com's Asia No. 1 Logistics Park zisebenzisa kakhulu lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo.
Isakhiwo Sesigxobo: Lesi sakhiwo sakhiwe ngezinduku eziqondile ezixhunywe ngama-node ukwakha i-geometry engunxantathu noma ye-trapezoidal. Izinduku zibhekene namandla e-axial kuphela, zisebenzisa ngokugcwele amandla ensimbi. Izakhiwo zesigxobo zivame ukusetshenziswa ophahleni lwenkundla kanye nasezindaweni ezinkulu zamabhuloho. Isibonelo, ukulungiswa kweBeijing Workers' Stadium kwasebenzisa isakhiwo sesigxobo ukuze kufezwe ububanzi obungamamitha angu-120 obungenazinsika.
Izakhiwo zohlaka: Uhlelo lwendawo olwakhiwe ngemishayo namakholomu axhumene ngokuqinile lunikeza amapulani ephansi aguquguqukayo futhi luyindlela eyinhloko yokwakha amahhovisi namahhotela anezitezi eziphakeme.
Izakhiwo zegridi: Igridi yendawo eyakhiwe ngamalungu amaningi, ngokuvamile enezingqimba ezijwayelekile zonxantathu nezikwele, inikeza ukuqina okuqinile kanye nokumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba okuhle kakhulu. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezikhumulweni zezindiza nasezikhungweni zemihlangano.
(II) Ukuhlukaniswa Ngezimpawu Zomthwalo
Amalungu aguquguqukayo: Amelwe yimishayo, la malungu amelana nezikhathi zokugoba, ngokucindezela phezulu kanye nokucindezeleka phansi. Avame ukusebenzisa izingxenye ze-H noma izingxenye zebhokisi ezihlanganisiwe, njengemishayo ye-crane ezitshalweni zezimboni, futhi kumele ahlangabezane nezidingo zamandla kanye nokumelana nokukhathala.
Amalungu alayishwe nge-axial: La malungu abhekene nokucindezelwa/ukucindezelwa kwe-axial kuphela, njengezinduku zokubopha ze-truss kanye namalungu egridi. Izinduku zokubopha zenzelwe amandla, kuyilapho izinduku zokucindezela zidinga ukuqina. Amashubhu ayindilinga noma izingxenye zensimbi ezigobile zivame ukusetshenziswa. Izingxenye ezilayishwe nge-eccentrically: Lezi zibhekene namandla e-axial kanye nezikhathi zokugoba, njengezinsika zohlaka. Ngenxa yobunzima bomthwalo emaphethelweni ogongolo, kudingeka izingxenye ezilinganayo (ezifana nezinsika zebhokisi) ukuze kulinganiswe amandla kanye nokuguquguquka.
Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zezakhiwo Zensimbi
(I) Izakhiwo Ezinhle Kakhulu Zemishini
Amandla aphezulu kanye nesisindo esincane yizinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zezakhiwo zensimbi. Ngesikhala esithile, isisindo esiqinile sogongolo lwensimbi singama-1/3-1/5 kuphela kunesogongolo lwekhonkrithi. Isibonelo, i-truss yensimbi enobubanzi obungamamitha angu-30 inesisindo esingaba ngu-50 kg/m, kuyilapho ugongolo lwekhonkrithi lunesisindo esingaphezu kuka-200 kg/m. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa izindleko zesisekelo (ngo-20%-30%) kodwa futhi kunciphisa imiphumela yokuzamazama komhlaba, kuthuthukise ukuphepha kokuzamazama komhlaba kwesakhiwo.
(II) Ukusebenza Kahle Kakhulu Kokwakha
Izingxenye zesakhiwo sensimbi ezingaphezu kuka-90% zilungiswa kusengaphambili emafektri ngokunemba kwezinga le-millimeter. Ukufakwa endaweni kudinga ukuphakamisa nokuxhuma kuphela. Isibonelo, isakhiwo sehhovisi lensimbi esinezitezi eziyi-10 sithatha izinyanga eziyi-6-8 kuphela kusukela ekukhiqizweni kwezingxenye kuze kube sekuqedweni, ukwehla okungu-40% esikhathini sokwakha uma kuqhathaniswa nesakhiwo sekhonkrithi. Isibonelo, iphrojekthi yokuhlala yensimbi eyenziwe kusengaphambili eShenzhen ifinyelele isivinini sokwakha "sesitezi esisodwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa," kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zomsebenzi endaweni.
(III) Ukumelana Nokuzamazama Komhlaba Okunamandla Nokuqina
Ukuqina kwensimbi kwenza izakhiwo zensimbi zikwazi ukuqeda amandla ngokuguquguquka ngesikhathi sokuzamazama komhlaba. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuzamazama komhlaba eWenchuan ngo-2008, ifektri yesakhiwo sensimbi eChengdu yashintshashintsha kancane futhi yayingenalo ingozi yokuwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokwelashwa kokulwa nokugqwala (ukugalela nge-galvanizing kanye nokumboza), insimbi ingaba nempilo yenkonzo yeminyaka engu-50-100, kanti izindleko zokulungisa ziphansi kakhulu kunezakhiwo zekhonkrithi.
(IV) Ukuvikelwa Kwemvelo Nokuzinza
Amazinga okusebenzisa kabusha insimbi adlula u-90%, okuvumela ukuthi iphinde incibilikiswe futhi icutshungulwe ngemva kokubhidlizwa, okususa ukungcola kwemfucuza yokwakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakhiwa kwensimbi akudingi formwork noma ukulungiswa, kudinga umsebenzi omncane wokumanzi endaweni, futhi kunciphisa ukukhishwa kothuli ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-60 uma kuqhathaniswa nezakhiwo zekhonkrithi, okuhambisana nezimiso zokwakha eziluhlaza. Isibonelo, ngemva kokubhidlizwa kwendawo ye-Ice Cube yama-Olimpiki asebusika aseBeijing ka-2022, ezinye izingxenye zasetshenziswa kabusha kwamanye amaphrojekthi, kwafezwa ukuphinda kusetshenziswe izinsiza.
Ukusetshenziswa Okubanzi Kwezakhiwo Zensimbi
(I) Ukwakhiwa
Izakhiwo zomphakathi: Izinkundla zemidlalo, izikhumulo zezindiza, izikhungo zemihlangano kanye nemibukiso, njll., zithembele ezakhiweni zensimbi ukuze zifinyelele izindawo ezinkulu kanye nemiklamo ebanzi.
Izakhiwo zokuhlala: Izindlu zokuhlala ezakhiwe ngensimbi kusengaphambili ziya ngokuya zithandwa futhi zingahlangabezana nezidingo zezindlu ezenzelwe wena.
Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano: Izakhiwo zamahhovisi eziphakeme kakhulu kanye nezitolo ezinkulu, ezisebenzisa izakhiwo zensimbi ukufeza imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokwakhiwa okuphumelelayo.
(II) Ezokuthutha
Ubunjiniyela bebhuloho: Amabhuloho anqamula ulwandle kanye namabhuloho esitimela. Amabhuloho ensimbi anikeza ama-span amakhulu kanye nokumelana nomoya onamandla kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba.
Ukuhamba ngesitimela: Ama-canopy esiteshi sesitimela esingaphansi komhlaba kanye nemishayo yesitimela esincane.
(III) Izimboni
Izitshalo zezimboni: Izitshalo zemishini esindayo kanye nezitshalo zensimbi. Izakhiwo zensimbi zingamelana nemithwalo yemishini emikhulu futhi zenze kube lula ukuguqulwa kwemishini okulandelayo.
Izindawo zokugcina impahla: Izindawo zokugcina impahla ezibandayo kanye nezikhungo zokuthutha impahla. Izakhiwo zohlaka lwesango zihlangabezana nezidingo zokugcina impahla ezinkulu futhi ziyashesha ukwakhiwa futhi zisebenza ngokushesha.
(IV) Amandla
Izikhungo zikagesi: Izakhiwo ezinkulu zesiteshi sikagesi esishisayo kanye nemibhoshongo yokudlulisa. Izakhiwo zensimbi zifanelekela imithwalo ephezulu kanye nezindawo zangaphandle ezinzima. Amandla Amasha: Imibhoshongo ye-wind turbine kanye nezinhlelo zokufaka i-photovoltaic zinezakhiwo zensimbi ezilula ukuze kube lula ukuthuthwa nokufakwa, okusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla ahlanzekile.
Xhumana nathi ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngezakhiwo zensimbi.
IQEMBU LASEBUKHOSINI
Ikheli
Indawo yezimboni zokuthuthukiswa kweKangsheng,
Isifunda saseWuqing, idolobha laseTianjin, eChina.
I-imeyili
Amahora
UMsombuluko-NgeSonto: Isevisi yamahora angu-24
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-30-2025