Sinikeza uhla oluphelele lwemikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali, kusukela kumapayipi kuya kumapuleti, amakhoyili kuya kumaphrofayili, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamaphrojekthi akho ahlukahlukene.
I-Royal Group, eyasungulwa ngo-2012, iyibhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu eligxile ekuthuthukisweni, ekukhiqizweni nasekuthengisweni kwemikhiqizo yokwakha. Indlunkulu yethu itholakala eTianjin, idolobha eliphakathi nezwe kanye nendawo okwazalelwa kuyo i-"Three Meetings Haikou". Siphinde sibe namagatsha emadolobheni amakhulu ezweni lonke.
Ngokuqongelela kwayo okujulile embonini kanye nokuhlelwa okuphelele kweketanga lezimboni, iRoyal Group inganikeza imakethe uhla oluphelele lwemikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali ehlanganisa i-austenite, i-ferrite, i-duplex, i-martensite nezinye izakhiwo zenhlangano, ehlanganisa zonke izinhlobo kanye nemininingwane efana ne-amapuleti, amapayipi, imigoqo, izintambo, amaphrofayili, njll., futhi kufanelekile ezimweni eziningi zohlelo lokusebenza ezifanaukuhlobisa izakhiwo, imishini yezokwelapha, imboni yamandla namakhemikhali, amandla enuzi kanye namandla okushisaLe nkampani izibophezele ekudaleni ulwazi olulodwa lokuthengwa kwemikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali kanye nezixazululo kumakhasimende.
| Amabanga Ajwayelekile kanye Nomehluko Wensimbi Engagqwali | ||||
| Amabanga Ajwayelekile (Amabhrendi) | Uhlobo Lwenhlangano | Izithako Eziyinhloko (Ezijwayelekile, %) | Izimo Eziyinhloko Zokusebenza | Umehluko Oyinhloko Phakathi Kwamazinga |
| 304（0Cr18Ni9） | Insimbi engagqwali yase-Austenitic | I-Chromium 18-20, i-Nickel 8-11, i-Carbon ≤ 0.08 | Izitsha zasekhishini (izimbiza, izitsha zokugezela), Ukuhlobisa izakhiwo (izibambo zezandla, izindonga zamakhethini), Imishini Yokudla, Izitsha Zansuku Zonke | 1. Uma kuqhathaniswa no-316: Ayiqukethe i-molybdenum, inokumelana okubuthakathaka emanzini olwandle kanye nemidiya ebolile kakhulu (njengamanzi anosawoti nama-asidi aqinile), futhi intengo yayo iphansi. |
| 2. Uma kuqhathaniswa no-430: Iqukethe i-nickel, ayisebenzi kumagnetic, inobuthi obungcono kanye nokushibilika, futhi imelana nokugqwala kakhulu. | ||||
| 316（0Cr17Ni12Mo2） | Insimbi engagqwali yase-Austenitic | I-Chromium 16-18, i-Nickel 10-14, i-Molybdenum 2-3, i-Carbon ≤0.08 | Imishini Yokuhlanza Amanzi Olwandle, Amapayipi Amakhemikhali, Amadivayisi Ezokwelapha (Izinto Zokufakelwa, Amathuluzi Okuhlinzwa), Izakhiwo Zasogwini, kanye Nezinsiza Zomkhumbi | 1. Uma kuqhathaniswa no-304: Iqukethe i-molybdenum eningi, inokumelana kangcono nokugqwala okukhulu kanye nokushisa okuphezulu, kodwa ibiza kakhulu. |
| 2. Uma kuqhathaniswa no-430: Iqukethe i-nickel ne-molybdenum, ayisebenzi kumagnetic, futhi inokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kakhulu kuno-430. | ||||
| 430（1Cr17） | Insimbi engagqwali ye-Ferritic | I-Chromium 16-18, I-Nickel ≤ 0.6, I-Carbon ≤ 0.12 | Izindlu Zezinto Zasekhaya (Isiqandisi, Amaphaneli Omshini Wokuwasha), Izingxenye Zokuhlobisa (Izibani, Amapuleti Egama), Izitsha Zekhishi (Izibambo Zemimese), Izingxenye Zokuhlobisa Zezimoto | 1. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-304/316: Ayinawo ama-nickel (noma ayinawo ama-nickel amaningi), inamandla kazibuthe, inobuthaka obuthambile, iyakwazi ukushibilika, futhi iyakwazi ukumelana nokugqwala, futhi ibiza kancane kakhulu. |
| 2. Uma kuqhathaniswa no-201: Iqukethe okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chromium, inokumelana okunamandla nokugqwala komoya, futhi ayinayo i-manganese eningi. | ||||
| 201（1Cr17Mn6Ni5N） | Insimbi engagqwali yase-Austenitic (uhlobo olugcina i-nickel) | I-Chromium 16-18, iManganese 5.5-7.5, iNickel 3.5-5.5, iNitrogen ≤0.25 | Amapayipi Okuhlobisa Ashibhile (Izivikelo Zokuvikela, Amanethi Okuvimbela Ukwebiwa), Izingxenye Zesakhiwo Ezilula, kanye Nezinto Zokuxhumana Ezingezona Ezokudla | 1. Uma kuqhathaniswa no-304: Ithatha indawo ye-nickel ethile nge-manganese ne-nitrogen, okuholela ezindleleni eziphansi kanye namandla aphezulu, kodwa inokumelana nokugqwala okuphansi, i-plasticity, kanye nokushintshwa, futhi ithambekele ekugqwaleni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. |
| 2. Uma kuqhathaniswa no-430: Iqukethe inani elincane le-nickel, ayisebenzi kumagnetic, futhi inamandla aphezulu kuno-430, kodwa ukumelana nokugqwala kuphansi kancane. | ||||
| 304L （00Cr19Ni10） | Insimbi engagqwali yase-Austenitic (uhlobo lwekhabhoni ephansi) | I-Chromium 18-20, i-Nickel 8-12, i-Carbon ≤ 0.03 | Izakhiwo Ezinkulu Ezihlanganisiwe (Amathangi Okugcina Amakhemikhali, Izingxenye Zokushisela Amapayipi), Izingxenye Zemishini Ezindaweni Ezishisa Kakhulu | 1. Uma kuqhathaniswa no-304: Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okuphansi (≤0.03 vs. ≤0.08), kunikeza ukumelana okukhulu nokugqwala kwe-intergranular, okwenza kufaneleke ukusetshenziswa lapho ukwelashwa kokushisa ngemva kokushiswa kungadingeki. |
| 2. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-316L: Ayinayo i-molybdenum, inikeza ukumelana okubuthakathaka nokugqwala okukhulu. | ||||
| 316L （00Cr17Ni14Mo2） | Insimbi engagqwali yase-Austenitic (uhlobo lwekhabhoni ephansi) | I-Chromium 16-18, i-Nickel 10-14, i-Molybdenum 2-3, i-Carbon ≤0.03 | Imishini Yamakhemikhali Ehlanzekile Kakhulu, Imishini Yezokwelapha (Izingxenye Zokuthintana Negazi), Amapayipi Amandla Enuzi, Imishini Yokuhlola Ulwandle Olujulile | 1. Uma kuqhathaniswa no-316: Okuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhabhoni, kunikeza ukumelana okukhulu nokugqwala kwe-intergranular, okwenza kufaneleke ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezigqwalisayo ngemva kokushisela. |
| 2. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-304L: Iqukethe i-molybdenum, inikeza ukumelana okungcono nokugqwala okukhulu, kodwa ibiza kakhulu. | ||||
| 2Cr13 （420J1） | Insimbi engagqwali ye-Martensitic | I-Chromium 12-14, Ikhabhoni 0.16-0.25, I-Nickel ≤ 0.6 | Imimese (Imimese Yasekhishini, Izikele), Ama-Valve Cores, Ama-Bearings, Izingxenye Zomshini (Ama-Shafts) | 1. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-austenitic (304/316): Ayinawo ama-nickel, inamandla kazibuthe, futhi iyaqina uma iqina. Ubulukhuni obuphezulu, kodwa ayimelani nokugqwala kahle futhi ayisebenzi kahle. |
| 2. Uma kuqhathaniswa no-430: Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni, okuqina ekushiseni, kunikeza ubulukhuni obukhulu kakhulu kuno-430, kodwa ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokuguquguquka okuncane. | ||||
Ipayipi lensimbi engagqwali liyipayipi lensimbi elihlanganisa ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla aphezulu, inhlanzeko kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Lihlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ezifana namapayipi angenamthungo namapayipi ahlanganisiwe. Lisetshenziswa kabanzi kwezobunjiniyela bokwakha, amakhemikhali kanye nemithi, ezokuthutha amandla kanye neminye imikhakha.
Ngokombono wokukhiqiza, amashubhu ayindilinga ensimbi engagqwali ahlukaniswe kakhuluamashubhu angenamthungofuthiamashubhu ahlanganisiwe. Amashubhu angenamthungoZikhiqizwa ngezinqubo ezifana nokubhoboza, ukugoqa okushisayo, kanye nokudweba okubandayo, okuholela ekutheni kungabikho imithungo ehlanganisiwe. Zinikeza amandla amakhulu kanye nokumelana nengcindezi, okwenza zifaneleke ukusetshenziswa njengokuthuthwa koketshezi olunomfutho ophezulu kanye nokuthwala umthwalo ngomshini.Amashubhu ahlanganisiweZenziwe ngamashidi ensimbi engagqwali, zigoqwe zibe yisimo, bese zishintshwa. Zisebenza kahle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni futhi zibiza kancane, okwenza zisetshenziswe kabanzi ekuthuthweni okunomfutho ophansi kanye nasezinhlelweni zokuhlobisa.
Ubukhulu obunqamulayo: Amashubhu ayisikwele asukela emaceleni kusukela kumashubhu amancane angu-10mm × 10mm kuya kumashubhu amakhulu angu-300mm × 300mm. Amashubhu angunxande avame ukuza ngobukhulu obufana no-20mm × 40mm, 30mm × 50mm, kanye no-50mm × 100mm. Osayizi abakhulu bangasetshenziswa ukusekela izakhiwo ezakhiweni ezinkulu. Ububanzi Bokujiya Kodonga: Amashubhu agqinsiwe (ubukhulu obungu-0.4mm-1.5mm) asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuhlobisa, anokucutshungulwa okulula nokulula. Amashubhu agqinsiwe (ubukhulu obungu-2mm nangaphezulu, kanye namashubhu athile ezimboni afinyelela ku-10mm nangaphezulu) afanelekela izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuthwala umthwalo wezimboni kanye nezokuthutha umfutho ophezulu, anikeza amandla amakhulu kanye nomthamo wokuthwala umfutho.
Ngokuphathelene nokukhethwa kwezinto, amashubhu ayindilinga ensimbi engagqwali enziwa kakhulu ngamamaki ensimbi engagqwali ajwayelekile. Isibonelo,304ivame ukusetshenziselwa amapayipi okucubungula ukudla, ukwakha izikhonkwane, kanye nezitsha zasekhaya.316Amashubhu ayindilinga ensimbi engagqwali avame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kogu, emapayipini amakhemikhali, kanye nasezintweni zokufaka imikhumbi.
Amashubhu ayindilinga ensimbi engagqwali angabizi, njenge201futhi430, zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindongeni zokuhlobisa kanye nasezingxenyeni zesakhiwo ezinomthwalo omncane, lapho izidingo zokumelana nokugqwala ziphansi khona.
AMAPHAYIPHI ETHU ENTSIMBI ENGAGQIBELI
Sinikeza uhla oluphelele lwemikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali, kusukela kumapayipi kuya kumapuleti, amakhoyili kuya kumaphrofayili, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamaphrojekthi akho ahlukahlukene.
Amakhoyili ethu ensimbi engagqwali
Izimo Zomphezulu Wensimbi Engagqwali
Indawo Engaphezulu Kwenombolo 1 (Ubuso Obumnyama Obugoqwe Ngokushisayo/Ubuso Obucwengekile)
Ukubukeka: Umnyama onsundu noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (ombozwe yi-oxide scale) kumnyama. Isimo sobuso, simhlophe kancane ngemva kokusikwa. Ubuso bumahhadlahhadla, abucwebezeli, futhi bunamabala okusika abonakalayo.
Ubuso obuyi-2D (Ubuso obuyisisekelo obugoqwe ngokubandayo)
Ukubukeka: Ubuso buhlanzekile, bumpunga ongathi sína, abunazo izibani ezicwebezelayo ezibonakalayo. Ukuthamba kwawo kuphansi kancane kunobuso be-2B, futhi kungase kuhlale amamaki amancane okukhahlela.
Ubuso obungu-2B (Ubuso obumaphakathi obugoqekile obubandayo)
Ukubukeka: Ubuso bubushelelezi, abucwebezeli ngokulinganayo, abunazo izinhlamvu ezibonakalayo, buthambile kakhulu, bubekezelelana kahle, futhi buthambile.
Ubuso be-BA (Ubuso Obucwebezelayo Obuqotshiwe/Ubuso Obuyinhloko Besibuko)
Ukubukeka: Ubuso bubonisa ukukhanya okufana nesibuko, ukukhanya okuphezulu (ngaphezu kuka-80%), futhi abunazo izibazi ezibonakalayo. Ubuhle bayo buphakeme kakhulu kunobuso be-2B, kodwa abubuhle njengokuqedwa kwesibuko (8K).
Indawo Ebhulashiwe (Ubuso Obunobume Bomshini)
Ukubukeka: Ubuso bunemigqa noma izinhlamvu ezifanayo, ngokuqedwa okungacwebezeli noma okungacwebezeli okufihla imihuzuko emincane futhi kudala ukuthungwa okuhlukile (imigqa eqondile idala imigqa ehlanzekile, engahleliwe idala umphumela obucayi).
Indawo Ebubuko (Ubuso be-8K, Indawo Ekhanya Kakhulu)
Ukubukeka: Ubuso bubonisa umphumela wesibuko ocacile, onokukhanya okungaphezu kuka-90%, okunikeza izithombe ezicacile ngaphandle kwemigqa noma amabala, kanye nomthelela obonakalayo onamandla.
Indawo Enemibala (Indawo Enemibala Embozwe/Ene-Oxidized)
Ukubukeka: Ubuso bunomphumela ofanayo wombala futhi bungahlanganiswa nesisekelo esifakwe ibhulashi noma esifakwe isibuko ukuze kudalwe ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi njengokuthi "kufakwe ibhulashi enemibala" noma "isibuko esinombala." Umbala uqinile kakhulu (ingubo ye-PVD imelana nokushisa kufika ku-300°C futhi ayithambekeli ekubuneni).
Izindawo Ezikhethekile Ezisebenzayo
Indawo Engamelani Neminwe (Ubuso be-AFP), Indawo Elwa Namagciwane, Indawo Eqoshiwe
Sinikeza uhla oluphelele lwemikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali, kusukela kumapayipi kuya kumapuleti, amakhoyili kuya kumaphrofayili, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamaphrojekthi akho ahlukahlukene.
Amapuleti ethu ensimbi angenasici
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Imisebe ye-H
Izinsimbi ze-H zensimbi engagqwali ziyiphrofayili ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezinomumo we-H. Zakhiwe ngama-flange aphezulu naphansi ahambisanayo kanye ne-web eqondile. Ama-flange ayahambisana noma acishe afane, kanti iziphetho zakha ama-engeli angakwesokudla.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-I-beams evamile, i-H-beams yensimbi engagqwali inikeza i-modulus enkulu enqamula izingxenye, isisindo esilula, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwensimbi okuncishisiwe, okungenzeka kunciphise izakhiwo zokwakha ngo-30%-40%. Kulula futhi ukuzihlanganisa futhi zinganciphisa umsebenzi wokushisela kanye nokubopha izintambo ngo-25%. Zinikeza ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla aphezulu, kanye nokuqina okuhle kakhulu, okwenza zisetshenziswe kabanzi ekwakheni, emabhulohweni, emikhunjini, nasekukhiqizeni imishini.
Xhumana nathi ukuze uthole ikhotheshini yamahhala.
Isiteshi se-U
Insimbi engagqwali Insimbi enomumo we-U iyiphrofayili yensimbi enesigaba esinqunyiwe esinomumo we-U. Ngokuvamile yenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali, inikeza ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla aphezulu, kanye nokusebenza kahle kakhulu. Isakhiwo sayo siqukethe ama-flange amabili ahambisanayo axhunywe yiwebhu, futhi ubukhulu bayo nobukhulu bungenziwa ngezifiso.
Insimbi engagqwali Insimbi enomumo we-U isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni, ekukhiqizeni imishini, ezimbonini zezimoto, kanye namakhemikhali, futhi ingasetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezicelo, okuhlanganisa ozimele bezakhiwo, ukuvikelwa komphetho, izisekelo zemishini, kanye neziqondiso zesitimela. Amamaki avamile ensimbi engagqwali afaka u-304 no-316. I-304 iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu, kanti i-316 ihamba phambili ezindaweni ezingcolisayo njenge-asidi nama-alkali.
Xhumana nathi ukuze uthole ikhotheshini yamahhala.
Ibha Yensimbi
Imigoqo yensimbi engagqwali ingahlukaniswa ngesimo, kufaka phakathi imigoqo eyindilinga, eyisikwele, eyisicaba, kanye neyi-hexagonal. Izinto ezivamile zifaka phakathi i-304, 304L, 316, 316L, kanye ne-310S.
Imigoqo yensimbi engagqwali inikeza ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, kanye nokusebenza kahle kakhulu kwemishini. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni, ekukhiqizeni imishini, ezimotweni, kumakhemikhali, ekudleni, kanye nasezindaweni zezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi amabhawodi, amantongomane, izesekeli, izingxenye zemishini, kanye namadivayisi ezokwelapha.
Xhumana nathi ukuze uthole ikhotheshini yamahhala.
Ucingo Lwensimbi
Ucingo lwensimbi engagqwali luyiphrofayili yensimbi ehlanganisiwe eyenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali, enikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu. Izingxenye zayo eziyinhloko yinsimbi, i-chromium, ne-nickel. I-Chromium, ngokuvamile okungenani i-10.5%, inika ukumelana okuqinile kokugqwala, kuyilapho i-nickel ithuthukisa ukuqina kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu.
Xhumana nathi ukuze uthole ikhotheshini yamahhala.
