2091506Isakhiwo Sensimbi Yesikhala Sefektri Isakhiwo Sensimbi I-Prefab Warehouse Isakhiwo Sezakhiwo Zensimbi Ezilungisiwe Zezentengiselwano
Insimbi yesakhiwo uhlobo lwe-izakhiwo zensimbiizinto ezinesimo esithile kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuhambisana nemininingwane yephrojekthi efanele.
Kuye ngezincazelo ezifanele zephrojekthi ngayinye, insimbi yokwakha ingeza ngezindlela ezahlukene, osayizi, kanye nezincazelo. Ezinye zigoqwa ngokushisa noma zigoqwe ngokubandayo, kanti ezinye zishiselwe kusuka kumapuleti ayisicaba noma agobile. Izimo zensimbi yokwakha ezivamile zifaka phakathi imisebe ye-I, insimbi yesivinini esikhulu, iziteshi, ama-engeli, kanye namapuleti.
Izindinganiso Zomhlaba Wonke zeIsakhiwo Sohlaka Lwensimbi
I-GB 50017 (eShayina): Imithetho ejwayelekile yokuklama izakhiwo zensimbi Le ndinganiso isebenza emithwalweni yokuklama, imininingwane, ukuqina kanye nokuphepha kwezakhiwo zensimbi.
I-AISC (US): “IBhayibheli” lokuklama eNyakatho Melika, liqukethe izinto ezidingekayo zomthwalo, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kanye nokwakheka kokuxhumana.
I-BS 5950 (e-UK): Kukhuthaza ibhalansi efanele yokuphepha, eyongayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwesakhiwo.
EN 1993 - I-Eurocode 3 (EU): Indinganiso yomklamo ohambisanayo wezakhiwo zensimbi eYurophu.
| Okujwayelekile | Izinga Likazwelonke | Izinga laseMelika | Izinga laseYurophu | |
| Isingeniso | Njengoba amazinga kazwelonke (i-GB) eyisisekelo, ehambisana nemigomo yemboni, igcizelela ukulawulwa okugcwele kwenqubo yokuklama, ukwakha kanye nokwamukelwa | Sigxile ezindinganisweni zezinto ze-ASTM kanye nemininingwane yokuklama ye-AISC, sigxila ekuhlanganiseni isitifiketi esizimele semakethe nezindinganiso zemboni. | Uchungechunge lwezindinganiso ze-EN (izindinganiso zaseYurophu) | |
| Izindinganiso Eziyinhloko | Izindinganiso zokuklama | I-GB 50017-2017 | I-AISC (AISC 360-16) | EN 1993 |
| Izindinganiso zezinto ezibonakalayo | I-GB/T 700-2006、GB/T 1591-2018 | I-ASTM International | Uchungechunge lwe-EN 10025 olwakhiwe yi-CEN | |
| Izindinganiso zokwakha nokwamukelwa | I-GB 50205-2020 | I-AWS D1.1 | Uchungechunge lwe-EN 1011 | |
| Izindinganiso eziqondene nomkhakha | Isibonelo, i-JT/T 722-2023 emkhakheni wamabhuloho, i-JGJ 99-2015 emkhakheni wokwakha | |||
| Izitifiketi Ezidingekayo | Iziqu zobungcweti zenkontileka yobunjiniyela besakhiwo sensimbi (ibanga elikhethekile, ibanga lokuqala, ibanga lesibili, ibanga lesithathu) | Isitifiketi se-AISC | UMark Mark, Isitifiketi se-DIN saseJalimane, Isitifiketi se-UK CARES | |
| Isitifiketi se-China Classification Society (CCS), isitifiketi sokufaneleka kwebhizinisi lokukhiqiza isakhiwo sensimbi | Isitifiketi se-FRA | |||
| Imibiko yokuhlola ngezakhiwo zemishini yezinto ezibonakalayo, ikhwalithi yokushisela, njll. ekhishwe yi-ejensi yokuhlola evela eceleni | I-ASME | |||
| Imininingwane: | |
| Uhlaka Lwensimbi Oluyinhloko | Ugongolo lwensimbi olunesigaba H kanye namakholomu, olupendwe noma olufakwe i-galvanized, olunesigaba C noma ipayipi lensimbi elifakwe i-galvanized, njll. |
| Uhlaka Lwesibili | i-hot dip galvanised C-purlin, i-steel bracing, i-tie bar, i-knee brace, i-edge cover, njll. |
| Iphaneli Yophahla | Iphaneli yesangweji ye-EPS, iphaneli yesangweji yefayibha yeglasi, iphaneli yesangweji ye-Rockwool, kanye nesangweji ye-PU iphaneli noma ipuleti lensimbi, njll. |
| Iphaneli Yodonga | iphaneli yesangweji noma ishidi lensimbi egobile, njll. |
| Induku Yokubopha | ishubhu yensimbi eyindilinga |
| I-brace | ibha eyindilinga |
| Ibhande Lamadolo | insimbi ye-engeli |
| Imidwebo kanye Nesilinganiso: | |
| (1) Umklamo owenziwe ngokwezifiso uyamukelwa. | |
| (2) Ukuze sikunike ikhotheshini nemidwebo eqondile, sicela usazise ubude, ububanzi, ukuphakama kwe-eve, kanye nesimo sezulu sendawo. izokucaphuna ngokushesha. | |
Isakhiwo SensimbiIzigaba
Izigaba ezijwayelekile yilezo ezichazwe ezindinganisweni ezishicilelwe emhlabeni wonke futhi kukhona nezigaba ezikhethekile/eziphathelene nobunikazi.
I-I-beams(izingxenye ezinkulu "I" — e-UK lokhu kufaka phakathi imisebe ye-universal (UB) kanye namakholomu e-universal (UC); eYurophu, lokhu kufaka phakathi i-IPE, i-HE, i-HL, i-HD kanye nezinye izingxenye; e-US lokhu kufaka phakathi i-wide flange (i-WF noma i-W-shape) kanye nezingxenye ze-H-shape)
Imishayo engu-Z(ama-half-flanges angemuva)
I-HSS(Izingxenye Zesakhiwo Ezingenalutho, ezaziwa nangokuthi i-SHS (Isigaba Esingenalutho Esihlelekile); zifaka phakathi iSikwele, uRectangular, iSiyingi (I-Tubular) kanye neZingxenye Eziyindilinga).
Ama-engeli(Isigaba ngesimo sika-L)
Iziteshi zesakhiwo, iziteshi ze-C, noma izingxenye ze-"C"
Imisebe ye-T(Izingxenye Ezinomumo ka-T).
Amabhaziyisikwele esisesigabeni esiphambeneyo, kodwa azibanzi ngokwanele ukuthi zingachazwa njengepuleti.
Izindukuziyizingxenye eziyindilinga noma eziyisikwele ezinobude obude uma kuqhathaniswa nobubanzi bazo.
Amapuletiyinsimbi eshidi engaphezu kuka-6 mm noma 1⁄4 intshi ubukhulu.
Izakhiwo zensimbi ziyizakhiwo lapho insimbi isetshenziswa khona njengento eyinhloko yokuthwala umthwalo. Futhi ngenxa yamandla aphezulu, isisindo esilula, ukwakhiwa okusheshayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuzamazama komhlaba kwesakhiwo sensimbi, isetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi. Izindawo zayo ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa yilezi:
I-Civil Engineering
1. Izakhiwo Zezimboni- Amafektri: imishini, i-metallurgy, izitshalo zamakhemikhali njalo njalo.
2. Izindawo zokugcina impahla: Izindawo ezinkulu zokuthutha kanye nezindawo zokugcina izinto (njengezindawo zokugcina impahla ezinama-high-bay kanye nezindawo zokugcina impahla ezibandayo);
3. Izakhiwo Zomphakathi- Izakhiwo Eziphakeme: Uhlaka oluyinhloko lwezakhiwo Eziphakeme Kakhulu (isib. Izakhiwo ezinde);
4. Izakhiwo Zomphakathi: Izinkundla zemidlalo, amahholo emibukiso, amathiyetha, iziteshi zezindiza njalo njalo.
5. Izakhiwo Zokuhlala: Isakhiwo sezindlu esinesakhiwo sensimbi siyasebenza.
Ingqalasizinda Yezokuthutha
1. Ubunjiniyela bebhuloho- Amabhuloho amade - Amabhuloho esitimela/omgwaqo omkhulu
2. Ukuhamba Ngesitimela Neziteshi- Iziteshi zesitimela ezihamba ngesivinini esikhulu, imigwaqo yesiteshi sesitimela esingaphansi komhlaba - Izimoto zesitimela
Ubunjiniyela Obukhethekile Nemishini
1. Ubunjiniyela Bezolwandle- Amapulatifomu Angaphandle Kwamanzi: Izakhiwo eziyinhloko zamapulatifomu okubhoboza uwoyela (ijazi, amadekhi epulatifomu); Ukwakhiwa Kwemikhumbi
2. Imishini yokuphakamisa nokwakha- Ama-crane - Izimoto ezikhethekile
3. Izinto Ezinkulu Neziqukathi- Amathangi okugcina izinto ezimbonini - Amafreyimu emishini yemishini
Ezinye Izimo Ezikhethekile
1. Izakhiwo zesikhashana: izindlu zokusiza ezinhlekeleleni, amahholo emiboniso yesikhashana, izakhiwo ezilungisiwe, njll.
2. Izisekelo ze-Glass Domeyezitolo ezinkulu
3. Ubunjiniyela bamandla/bebhizinisi– imibhoshongo ye-wind turbine (amapuleti ensimbi aqiniswe kakhulu) kanye namaphaneli elanga.
Inqubo Yokusika
1. Ukulungiselela Kwangaphambi Kokuqala
Ukuhlolwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile
Ukuhumusha Umdwebo
2. Ukukhetha Indlela Yokusika Efanele
Ukusika Amalangabi: Ifanele insimbi ethambile ejiyile kanye nensimbi engenangxube eningi, ifanele imishini eqinile.
Ukusika Ijethi Yamanzi: Ifanele izinto ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi insimbi ezwela ukushisa noma izingxenye eziqondile nezinomumo okhethekile.
Ukucubungula Ukushisela
Le nqubo isebenzisa ukushisa, ingcindezi, noma kokubili (ngezinye izikhathi ngezinto zokugcwalisa) ukuze kufezwe ukubophana kwe-athomu ezinhlanganisweni zezingxenye zesakhiwo sensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela kwakhiwe isakhiwo esiqinile nesihlanganisiwe. Lena inqubo eyinhloko yokuxhuma izingxenye ekukhiqizweni kwesakhiwo sensimbi futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezakhiweni, emabhulohweni, emishinini, emikhunjini, nakweminye imikhakha, okunquma ngqo amandla, ukuzinza, kanye nokuphepha kwezakhiwo zensimbi.
Ngokusekelwe emidwebweni yokwakha noma umbiko weziqu zenqubo yokushisela (i-PQR), chaza ngokucacile uhlobo lwejoyinti lokushisela, ubukhulu bomsele, ubukhulu bokushisela, indawo yokushisela, kanye nezinga lekhwalithi.
Ukucubungula Ukushaya
Le nqubo ihilela ukudala imigodi ngomshini noma ngokomzimba ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo sensimbi ezihlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo. Lezi zimbobo zisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuxhuma izingxenye, ukuhambisa amapayipi, nokufaka izesekeli. Kuyinqubo ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwesakhiwo sensimbi ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kokuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye kanye namandla okuhlangana.
Ngokwemidwebo yokwakha, chaza indawo yembobo (ubukhulu bokuxhumanisa), inani, ububanzi, inani lokunemba (isb., ukubekezelelana okungu-±1mm kwemigodi evamile yebholiti, ukubekezelelana okungu-±0.5mm kwemigodi yebholiti enamandla aphezulu) kanye nohlobo lwembobo (oluyindilinga, oluyindilinga, njll.). Yenza amamaki endawo yembobo ebusweni bengxenye ngethuluzi lokumaka (isilinganiso setheyiphu yensimbi, i-stylus, isikwele noma isampula). Sebenzisa isikhwelo sesampula ukwenza amaphuzu okuthola imigodi ebalulekile ukusiza ukuqinisekisa izindawo zokubhoboza ezinembile.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinqubo zokwelashwa kwendawo ezitholakalayoisakhiwo sensimbi, okuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ukumelana kwazo nokugqwala nokugqwala, kanye nokubukeka kwazo okuhle.
Ukuhlanganisa nge-galvanizingkuyisinqumo esidumile ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu.
Ukugqoka ngempuphuinikeza imibala ecebile kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu okuqinile.
Ukugqoka kwe-Epoxyinikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala futhi ifaneleka ezindaweni ezinzima.
Ukugqoka okucebile nge-zinc e-epoxyinikeza isivikelo esisebenzayo se-electrochemical ngokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-zinc.
Ukudwebainikeza ukuguquguquka kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlobisa ezahlukahlukene.
Ukugqoka uwoyela omnyamakuyindlela engabizi kakhulu yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezilula zokuvikela ukugqwala.
Ithimba lethu elihamba phambili kwamanye amazwe elingonjiniyela bezakhiwo abanekhono kanye nochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe linolwazi oluningi lwephrojekthi kanye nomqondo wokuklama ohamba phambili ngolwazi oluqinile lwemishini yesakhiwo sensimbi kanye nezindinganiso ezihlobene.
Iqhutshwa yisofthiwe yokuklama ethuthukisiwe efanaI-CAD yemoto,I-TEKLAnjll., sisungula uhlelo oluphelele lokuklama olubonakalayo lokudweba kwe-3D kanye nokudweba kobunjiniyela be-2D, olukhombisa imininingwane yobukhulu bengxenye ngayinye, ukucushwa okuhlangene kanye nokuhlelwa kwendawo. Imikhiqizo nezinsizakalo zethu ziyatholakala kulo lonke umjikelezo wokuphila kwephrojekthi, kusukela kumklamo oyinhloko kuya kumidwebo yokwakha enemininingwane, kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwejoyinti lesakhiwo esingaphansi kuya ekuqinisekisweni kwesakhiwo esiphezulu. Senza imininingwane ngokunemba kwezinga lamamilimitha, sihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe kanye nokunengqondo kokwakhiwa.
Sihlala sigxile kumakhasimende. Ngokusekelwe ekuqhathanisweni kwezinhlelo eziphelele kanye nokusebenza kwemishini okulingisa, sihlinzeka ngezinhlelo zezomnotho ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezibhekene nezindawo ezahlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa (izimboni zezimboni, izakhiwo zezentengiselwano, amabhuloho kanye nemigwaqo yamapulangwe, njll.). Ngaphansi kwemingcele yokuphepha kwesakhiwo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto kuyancishiswa futhi izinqubo zokwakha zenziwa lula. Sinikeza izinsizakalo zokulandelela ezigcwele okuhlanganisa ukulethwa kwemidwebo esithangamini sobuchwepheshe esizeni. Ubuchwepheshe bethu buqinisekisa ukwenziwa okubushelelezi kwephrojekthi ngayinye yokwakha insimbi, okusenza sibe umlingani womklamo onokwethenjelwa, womthombo owodwa.
Indlela yokupakisha izakhiwo zensimbi kufanele inqunywe ngokusekelwe ezicini ezifana nohlobo lwengxenye, usayizi, ibanga lokuhamba, indawo yokugcina, kanye nokuvikelwa okudingekayo. Umgomo ukuvimbela ukuguquka, ukugqwala, kanye nomonakalo ngesikhathi sokuthutha nokugcina.
Okulandelayo indlela yokufaka isakhiwo sensimbi:
1. Ukupakisha Okungenalutho (Okungapakishwanga)
Nge: Izingxenye zensimbi ezinkulu nezisindayo (njengezinsika zensimbi, imishayo, izisekelo ezinkulu).
Izici: Khohlwa nganoma yiluphi ungqimba lokupakisha olwengeziwe, ungalayisha futhi ulayishe ngamathuluzi okuphakamisa, ngqo. Kodwa izingxenye zidinga ukuboshwa ngokuqinile ekuthuthweni ukuze kugwenywe ukudlidliza/ukuthinta.
Isivikelo Esengeziwe: unganikeza izembozo zesikhashana noma ukuxhumeka kwezingxenye zokusonga (imigodi yamabholidi, ubuso be-flange) ukuvimbela ukungena kanye nomonakalo.
2. Ukupakisha Okuhlanganisiwe
Ifanele: Izingcezu zensimbi ezincane ezimise okwejwayelekile (njengensimbi egobile, insimbi yesiteshi, amapayipi ensimbi kanye namapuleti amancane okuxhuma) ngobuningi.
Qaphela: Ukubopha akufanele kube kuqinile kakhulu. Ukubopha kukhululekile kakhulu futhi izakhi zizoshintsha, uma kuqinile kakhulu kungabangela ukuguguleka.
3. Ibhokisi Lokhuni/Uhlaka Lokhuni
Izimo Ezisebenzayo: izingxenye ezincane zensimbi ezinembile (izingxenye zemishini: izixhumi ezinembile kakhulu, njll.), izingxenye ezibuthakathaka (njengezingxenye ezincane ezifana nama-bolts namantongomane) noma izingxenye zensimbi ezidinga ukuthuthwa noma ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe akude.
Izinzuzo: Isivikelo esihle, ukuhlukaniswa nemvelo, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuvikelwa ekuthuthweni okude endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi.
4. Ukupakisha Okuhlukile Kokuvikela
Ukuze Kuvinjelwe Ukugqwala: Uma kugcinwa izingxenye zensimbi noma endaweni enomswakama ukuze kuthuthwe izingxenye zensimbi, kudingeka ukucubungula okwengeziwe kokulwa nokugqwala ngaphandle kwezindlela zokusonga ezingenhla.
Ukuvikela Ukuguquka Kwesimo: Uma upakisha insimbi yodonga encane nencane (isb. ugongolo lwensimbi oluncane, ilungu lensimbi elinodonga oluncane), sebenzisa izisekelo ezengeziwe (ukhuni noma amabakaki ensimbi) njengezinto zokupakisha, ukuze ugweme ukugoba kokupakisha nokukhubazeka ngesisindo esingalingani ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa nokugcinwa.
Ezokuthutha:Ukulethwa Okusheshayo (Ukulethwa Okuyisampula), Umoya, Isitimela, Umhlaba, Isitimela, Ukuthunyelwa Kwasolwandle (i-FCL noma i-LCL noma i-Bulk)
Kusukela ekulethweni komkhiqizo wakho, ithimba lethu lochwepheshe liyatholakala ukukusiza ngokufakwa okuhlinzeka ngokusekelwa okushesha kakhulu. Kusukela ekwakheni amashejuli okufakwa endaweni, kuya ekwelulekeni kokuthunyelwa kobuchwepheshe ezigabeni ezibalulekile ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, kuya ekusebenzisaneni nethimba lakho lokwakha, sizibophezele ekufakweni okubushelelezi nokunembile okuguqulela ekubeni isakhiwo sensimbi esiqinile, esiphephile.
Esigabeni sokukhiqiza sesevisi yangemva kokuthengisa, sinikeza isiqondiso sokulungisa ngokwesici somkhiqizo, futhi siphendule imibuzo mayelana nendlela yokunakekela izinto zokwakha kanye nokuphila kwesakhiwo.
Uma unenkinga ngemikhiqizo yethu uma uyisebenzisa, ithimba lokuthengisa ngemuva kokuthengisa lizokunikeza impendulo esheshayo, ngobuchwepheshe bobuchwepheshe kanye nesimo sengqondo sokwethembeka ukukusiza uxazulule zonke izinkinga.
Q: Ingabe abakhiqizi be-ua?
A: Yebo, singabakhiqizi bamashubhu ensimbi ejikelezayo edolobhaneni laseDaqiuzhuang, edolobheni laseTianjin, eShayina.
Q: Ngingaba ne-oda lokuhlola amathani ambalwa kuphela?
A: Vele. Singakuthumela umthwalo ngesevisi ye-LCL. (Umthwalo wesitsha omncane)
Q: Uma isampula imahhala?
A: Isampula ayitholakali, kodwa umthengi ukhokhela imithwalo.
U: Ingabe ungumphakeli wegolide futhi wenza isiqinisekiso sokuhweba?
A: Singumhlinzeki wegolide weminyaka eyi-13 futhi samukela isiqinisekiso sokuhweba.












