Uhlaka Lwesakhiwo Olulula Oluhambayo Indlu Elungisiwe Isakhiwo Sensimbi Isakhiwo Sepulazi Isitoreji Indlu Yokugcina Izinto
Izakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi zakhiwa kusetshenziswa insimbi yesakhiwo enamandla aphezulu, enikeza ukuqina okuphezulu nokuphepha uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zokwakha zendabuko. Isakhiwo sazo esiqinile sohlaka sinikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuzamazama komhlaba nomoya futhi singamelana nezimo zemvelo ezinzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bokwakhiwa kwangaphambili kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-modular, izakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi zingakhiwa ngokushesha okukhulu, zifinyeze kakhulu isikhathi sephrojekthi. Izakhiwo zangaphakathi eziguquguqukayo zingenye inzuzo, ezivumela abakhi bezakhiwo nonjiniyela ukuthi bakhe izikhala ezivulekile noma amapulani ephansi enziwe ngokwezifiso ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ubuqotho besakhiwo. Ngakho-ke, izakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi zilungele izakhiwo zezentengiselwano, izakhiwo zamahhovisi, izikhungo zezemidlalo, kanye namaphrojekthi okuhlala aphezulu.
Izindlu Zokwakha Isakhiwo Sensimbi
Izindlu zesakhiwo sensimbi ezisetshenziswa ngaphambiliniuhlaka lwensimbiizinhlelo, eziletha izinzuzo eziningi ekwakhiweni kwezindlu zanamuhla. Lezi zindlu zisebenza kahle ngoba uhlaka lwensimbi luhlanganiswa kalula nezinto zokuvikela ukushisa, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okushisa nokupholisa. Insimbi inobungani nemvelo, ivame ukwenziwa ngezinto eziphinde zasetshenziswa, futhi ingaphinde isetshenziswe ngokugcwele ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuphila kwesakhiwo. Inqubo yokwakha iyashesha futhi ingabizi kakhulu, inciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi kanye nezikhathi zephrojekthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlu ezakhiwe ngensimbi ziqinile, azinawo umuhlwa, azinawo umuncu, futhi azinawo umuncu, okwenza zibe yisisombululo esihlala isikhathi eside sokuthuthukiswa kwezindlu, izindlu ezijwayelekile, ngisho nezindlu ezingamelani nezinhlekelele.
Izindawo zokugcina izimpahla zesakhiwo sensimbi
Izindawo zokugcina izimpahla zesakhiwo sensimbiinesakhiwo esikhulu, ifinyelela ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala esikhulu ngaphandle kokudinga amakholomu amaningi angaphakathi. Lolu hlobo oluvulekile lwenza kube lula ukugcina izinto ngendlela ephumelelayo, ukuphathwa kwezimpahla okulula, kanye nokuhlela kahle izinto zokuthutha. Izingxenye zensimbi ezilungisiwe ziqinisekisa ukufakwa okusheshayo, zifinyeza imijikelezo yokwakha futhi zenze izindawo zokugcina izinto zisebenze ngokushesha. Ukuphakama, ubude, kanye nokuhlelwa kwezindawo zokugcina izinto zensimbi kungenziwa ngezifiso kakhulu, okuvumela amabhizinisi ukuthi azivumelanise nezidingo zawo ezithile. Ukuqina kwazo kanye nezindleko zokulungisa eziphansi kuzenza zifaneleke kakhulu ezindaweni zokugcina izinto zezimboni, izindawo zokugcina izinto ezibandayo, kanye nezikhungo zokusabalalisa.
Izakhiwo Zefektri Yesakhiwo Sensimbi
Isakhiwo sensimbiIzakhiwo zefektri zizuza ngomthamo omkhulu wensimbi yokwakha ethwala umthwalo, okuvumela ukwakhiwa kwezindawo ezinkulu, ezingenamakholomu ezifanele imishini esindayo kanye nemisebenzi emikhulu yezimboni. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwenza kube lula ukuhamba komsebenzi okusebenzayo, imigqa yokukhiqiza eyenziwe kahle, kanye nokugcinwa okuphephile kwemishini yezimboni. Izakhiwo zefektri zesakhiwo sensimbi ziyashesha ukwakhiwa futhi kulula ukuzikhulisa esikhathini esizayo, okwenza zibe zilungele izitshalo zokukhiqiza, imigqa yokuhlanganisa, izitshalo zokucubungula, kanye nama-workshop. Ukumelana kwayo okuphezulu nokucindezeleka kwemvelo, ukumelana nomlilo, kanye nokumelana nokushaqeka kuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi kanye nemishini, okuhlinzeka ngesisombululo sezimboni esihlala isikhathi eside nesingabizi kakhulu.
Imikhiqizo yesakhiwo sensimbi eyinhloko yokwakha ifektri
1. Isakhiwo esiyinhloko esithwala umthwalo (esivumelana nezidingo zokuzamazama komhlaba zasezindaweni ezishisayo)
| Uhlobo Lomkhiqizo | Ibanga Lokucaciswa | Umsebenzi Oyinhloko | Amaphuzu Okuzivumelanisa Nezimo eMelika Ephakathi |
| Ugongolo Lohlaka Lwesango | W12×30 ~ W16×45 (ASTM A572 Gr.50) | Ugongolo oluyinhloko lokuthwala umthwalo ophahleni/odongeni | Umklamo we-node onama-high-seismic noxhumano olunama-bolt ukuze kugwenywe ukushintshwa okubuthakathaka, ingxenye yenziwe ngcono ukuze inciphise isisindo sayo kwezokuthutha zasendaweni. |
| Ikholomu Yensimbi | I-H300×300 ~ H500×500 (ASTM A36) | Isekela imithwalo yohlaka kanye nephansi | Izixhumi zokuzamazama komhlaba ezifakwe esisekelo, isiphetho se-hot-dip galvanized (i-zinc coating ≥85μm) sendawo enomswakama ophezulu |
| Umsebe we-Crane | W24×76 ~ W30×99 (ASTM A572 Gr.60) | Ukuthwala umthwalo wokusebenza kwe-crane yezimboni | Umklamo onzima (wama-crane angu-5 ~ 20t) one-end beam efakwe amapuleti okuxhuma amelana nokucheba |
2. Izingxenye zesistimu yokuvala (uphawu lwesimo sezulu + ukuvikelwa kokugqwala)
Ama-purlin ophahleni: C12×20~C16×31 (i-hot-dip galvanized) ebangeni elingu-1.5~2m lokufaka ishidi lensimbi elinombala, elinomthwalo wesiphepho ongaphansi kwezinga le-12.
Ama-purlin odongeni: Z10×20~Z14×26 (upende omelana nokugqwala), imbobo yomoya yokunciphisa umswakama emafektri asezindaweni ezishisayo.
Ukusekela (Φ12~Φ16 insimbi eyindilinga egayiwe eshisayo) kanye nama-braces asekhoneni (ama-engeli ensimbi angu-L50×5) kuqinisa uhlaka ngokwezinhlangothi ukuze kumelwane nomoya ofinyelela ku-150 mph.
3. Sekela imikhiqizo esekelayo (ukulungiswa kokwakhiwa kwendawo)
Izingxenye ezifakwe ngensimbi (ubukhulu obuyi-10mm-20mm, i-WLHT galvanized) zesisekelo sekhonkrithi esivame ukusetshenziswa eMelika Ephakathi
Izingxenye ezifakiwe: Izingxenye ezifakwe epuletini lensimbi (ubukhulu obuyi-10mm-20mm, zishisiwe nge-HOT), zilungele isisekelo sekhonkrithi esivame ukusetshenziswa eMelika Ephakathi;
Izixhumi: Amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu (Ibanga 8.8, ashisiwe ngokushisa), akukho ukushiswa endaweni, ukuze kongiwe isikhathi sokwakha;
Upende ovimba umlilo osekelwe emanzini (ukumelana nomlilo ≥1.5h) kanye nopende ovimbela ukugqwala we-acrylic (ukumelana ne-UV, isikhathi sokuphila ≥iminyaka eyi-10) ohlangabezana nezinqubomgomo zokuvikela imvelo zendawo.
Isakhiwo SensimbiIzigaba
Imishayo ye-I(izingxenye ezingofeleba "I" – e-UK kukhona i-UB ye-universal beam, i-UC ye-universal column; eYurophu i-IPE, i-HE, i-HL, i-HD nezinye; e-US kukhona i-wide flange (ama-WF noma ama-W-shapes) kanye nama-H-shapes).
Imishayo engu-Z(ama-half-flanges angemuva).
I-HSS(izingxenye zesakhiwo ezingenalutho) kanye ne-SHS (izingxenye ezingenalutho zesakhiwo) zifaka phakathi ukuma kwesikwele, unxande, indilinga (i-tubular) kanye nokuma kwe-oval).
Insimbi Yama-Angles(Isigaba Esinomumo O-L).
Iziteshi zesakhiwo, Izingxenye ezimise okwe-C noma izingxenye ezimise okwe-C zitholakala kabanzi esitokweni.
Imisebe ye-T(Izigaba ze-T).
Imigoqo yensimbiezinengxenye eyisikwele kodwa ezingabanzi ngokwanele ukuthi zingahlukaniswa njengezingcwecwe.
Izinduku ZensimbiIzinduku eziyindilinga neziyisikwele, ezinezingxenye eziyisiyingi noma eziyisikwele futhi zinde uma ziqhathaniswa nobubanzi bazo.
Amashidi Ensimbi, amashidi ensimbi anobukhulu obungadluli ku-6 mm noma i-1/4 intshi.
| Indlela Yokucubungula | Imishini Yokucubungula | Ukucubungula |
| Ukusika | Imishini yokusika i-plasma/ilangabi ye-CNC, imishini yokugunda izinwele | Ukusikwa kwelangabi le-plasma lamapuleti/izingxenye zensimbi, ukucheba amapuleti ensimbi amancane, ngokunemba okukhulu kuyalawulwa. |
| Ukwakha | Umshini wokugoba obandayo, ibhuleki lokucindezela, umshini wokugoqa | Ukugoba okubandayo (kwama-c/z purlins), ukugoba (kwama-gutter/ukusika umphetho), ukugoqa (kwama-round support bars) |
| Ukushisela | Umshini wokushisela we-arc ocwiliswe emanzini, umshini wokushisela we-arc osetshenziswa ngesandla, umshini wokushisela we-CO₂ ovikelwe ngegesi | Ukushisela kwe-arc okucwiliswe emanzini (amakholomu aseDutch / imisebe ye-H), ukushisela okunamathelayo (amapuleti e-gusset), ukushisela okuvikelwe ngegesi ye-CO² (izinto ezincane ezibiyelwe ngodonga) |
| Ukwenza imigodi | Umshini wokubhoboza we-CNC, umshini wokubhoboza | Ukubhoboza kwe-CNC (imigodi yebholidi kumapuleti/izingxenye ezixhumanisayo), Ukubhoboza (imigodi emincane yeqembu), Ngokubekezelelana kwemigodi elawulwayo ububanzi/isikhundla |
| Ukwelashwa | Umshini wokuqhumisa ngokudubula/wokuqhumisa ngesihlabathi, umshini wokugaya, umugqa wokugaya ngokushisa | Ukususa ukugqwala (ukuqhumisa amashothi / ukuqhumisa isihlabathi), ukugaya nge-weld (ukususa i-burr), ukugaya nge-hot-dip (i-bolt/support) |
| Umhlangano | Ipulatifomu yokuhlanganisa, izinto zokulinganisa | Izingxenye ze-pre-assembled (ikholomu + ugongolo + isisekelo) zahlakazwa ukuze zithunyelwe ngemva kokuqinisekiswa kobukhulu. |
| 1. Ukuhlolwa kokufutha ngosawoti (ukuhlolwa kokugqwala okuyinhloko) | 2. Ukuhlolwa kokunamathela | 3. Ukuhlolwa komswakama nokumelana nokushisa |
| Izindinganiso ze-ASTM B117 (isifutho sikasawoti esingathathi hlangothi) / ISO 11997-1 (isifutho sikasawoti esijikelezayo), esifanele indawo enosawoti omningi ogwini lwaseMelika Ephakathi. | Ukuhlolwa kokuhlukanisa i-cross-hatch kusetshenziswa i-ASTM D3359 (i-cross-hatch/grid-grid, ukuthola izinga lokuqhekeka); ukuhlolwa kokudonsa kusetshenziswa i-ASTM D4541 (ukukala amandla okuhlukanisa i-peel phakathi kokumboza kanye ne-substrate yensimbi). | Izindinganiso ze-ASTM D2247 (40℃/95% umswakama, ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka nokuqhekeka kwesembozo ngezikhathi zemvula). |
| 4. Ukuhlolwa kokuguga kwe-UV | 5. Ukuhlolwa kobukhulu befilimu | 6. Ukuhlolwa kwamandla omthelela |
| Izindinganiso ze-ASTM G154 (ukulingisa ukuchayeka okukhulu kwe-UV emahlathini emvula, ukuvimbela ukufiphala nokushiswa kwengubo). | Ifilimu eyomile esebenzisa i-ASTM D7091 (igeyiji yobukhulu obungumaginethi); ifilimu emanzi esebenzisa i-ASTM D1212 (ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukumelana nokugqwala kuhlangabezana nobukhulu obubekiwe). | Izindinganiso ze-ASTM D2794 (ukushaya kwesando sokuwa, ukuvimbela umonakalo ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa/ukufakwa). |
Ukwelashwa embukisweni wobuso: Isembozo esicebile nge-zinc, I-Galvanised (ubukhulu besendlalelo esishisayo esifakwe i-galvanised≥85μm bungafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-15-20), i-oyili emnyama, njll.
Okunamafutha Amnyama
I-Galvanised
Isimbozo Esicebile Nge-Epoxy Zinc
Ukupakisha:
Imikhiqizo yensimbi ipakishwa ngokuqinile ukuze ivikele ubuso bayo futhi igcine isakhiwo ngesikhathi sokuphathwa nokuthuthwa. Izingxenye zivame ukugoqwa ngezinto ezingangeni manzi njengefilimu yepulasitiki noma iphepha elivimbela ukugqwala, kanti izesekeli ezincane zipakishwa emabhokisini ezinkuni. Ngokuphambene nalokho, zonke izinqwaba/izingxenye ziphawulwe ngokucacile ukuze ukwazi ukuzithulula ngokuphephile futhi uzifake ngobungcweti endaweni.
Ezokuthutha:
Isakhiwo sensimbi singathunyelwa ngesitsha noma ngomkhumbi omkhulu ngokusekelwe kusayizi nendawo oya kuyo. Izinto ezinkulu noma ezisindayo ziboshelwe ngebhande lensimbi bese kufakwa ukhuni kuzo zombili izinqe ukuze kugcinwe umthwalo endaweni yawo ngenkathi uthuthwa. Zonke izinqubo zokuthutha zenziwa ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuhamba zomhlaba wonke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulethwa ngesikhathi esifanele kanye nokufika okuphephile noma ngabe kuthunyelwa amabanga amade noma phesheya kwezilwandle.
1. Ukusekelwa Kwegatsha Laphesheya kanye Nolimi LwesiSpanishi
Sinamahhovisi aphesheya kwezilwandle anabasebenzi abakhuluma iSpanishi esikwazi ukuxhumana nabo ngokugcwele namakhasimende ethu avela eLatin America naseYurophu.
Izinqubo zethimba lethu zikusiza ngokususwa kwempahla, amadokhumenti, kanye nokulethwa okushelelayo kanye nokucutshungulwa kokungenisa okusheshayo.
2. Isitoko Esilungele Ukulethwa Okusheshayo
Sigcina inani elanele lezinto zokusetshenziswa zesakhiwo sensimbi ezijwayelekile, okuhlanganisa ugongolo lwe-H, ugongolo lwe-I kanye nezingxenye zesakhiwo.
Lokhu kuvumela izikhathi zokuhola ezisheshayo ukuze amakhasimende akwazi ukuthola imikhiqizo ngokushesha nangokuthembekile kulawo maphrojekthi aphuthumayo.
3. Ukupakisha kobungcweti
Yonke imikhiqizo igcwele ukupakishwa okujwayelekile okufanele ulwandle - Ukubopha uhlaka lwensimbi, ukugoqa okungangeni manzi, ukuvikelwa komphetho.
Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa futhi kuqinisekise ukulayisha okuphephile, ukuzinza ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa ibanga elide futhi kungabikho monakalo lapho ufika echwebeni oya kulo.
4. Ukuthunyelwa Nokulethwa Okusebenzayo
Sisebenzisana nama-ejenti okuthumela impahla asekhaya athembekile, singanikeza imigomo yokulethwa eguquguqukayo kufaka phakathi i-FOB, i-CIF, i-DDP.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhamba ngolwandle, ngesitimela, ngomgwaqo, sikuqinisekisa ukuthi uthumela ngesikhathi kanye nezinsizakalo zokulandelela izinto ezisebenzayo.
Mayelana nezinkinga zekhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo
Q: Ukuhambisana nezindinganiso Yiziphi izindinganiso ezisebenza ezakhiweni zakho zensimbi?
A: Isakhiwo sethu sensimbi sihambisana nezindinganiso zaseMelika ezifana ne-ASTM A36, i-ASTM A572 njll. isibonelo: I-ASTM A36 iyisakhiwo sekhabhoni esijwayelekile, i-A588 iyisakhiwo esimelana nesimo sezulu esibi esifanelekile ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinomoya oshisayo.
U: Ulawula kanjani ikhwalithi yensimbi?
A: Izinto zensimbi zivela ezimbonini zensimbi zasekhaya noma zamazwe ngamazwe ezidumile ezinesistimu yokulawula ikhwalithi eqinile. Lapho zifika, yonke imikhiqizo ihlolwe ngokucophelela, okuhlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo zemishini kanye nokuhlolwa okungonakalisi, njengokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic (UT) kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinhlayiya zamagnetic (MPT), ukuhlola ukuthi ikhwalithi iyahlangabezana yini nezindinganiso ezihlobene.
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