Isakhiwo Sensimbi Ishedi Lensimbi Isakhiwo Sensimbi Esilungisiwe Isakhiwo Sensimbi Indlu Yokugcina Impahla
Insimbi yesakhiwo uhlobo lwe-izakhiwo zensimbiizinto ezinesimo esithile kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuhambisana nemininingwane yephrojekthi efanele.
Kuye ngezincazelo ezifanele zephrojekthi ngayinye, insimbi yokwakha ingeza ngezindlela ezahlukene, osayizi, kanye nezincazelo. Ezinye zigoqwa ngokushisa noma zigoqwe ngokubandayo, kanti ezinye zishiselwe kusuka kumapuleti ayisicaba noma agobile. Izimo zensimbi yokwakha ezivamile zifaka phakathi imisebe ye-I, insimbi yesivinini esikhulu, iziteshi, ama-engeli, kanye namapuleti.
Izindinganiso Zomhlaba Wonke zeIsakhiwo Sohlaka Lwensimbi
I-GB 50017 (eShayina): Indinganiso kazwelonke yaseShayina ehlanganisa imithwalo yomklamo, imininingwane, ukuqina, kanye nemibandela yokuphepha.
I-AISC (US): Umhlahlandlela owaziwa kakhulu eNyakatho Melika, ohlanganisa izindinganiso zomthwalo, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo, kanye nokuxhumana.
I-BS 5950 (e-UK): Igxile ekulinganiseni ukuphepha, ukonga, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwesakhiwo.
EN 1993 - I-Eurocode 3 (EU): Uhlaka lwaseYurophu lomklamo ohlanganisiwe wezakhiwo zensimbi.
| Okujwayelekile | Izinga Likazwelonke | Izinga laseMelika | Izinga laseYurophu | |
| Isingeniso | Njengoba amazinga kazwelonke (i-GB) eyisisekelo, ehambisana nemigomo yemboni, igcizelela ukulawulwa okugcwele kwenqubo yokuklama, ukwakha kanye nokwamukelwa | Sigxile ezindinganisweni zezinto ze-ASTM kanye nemininingwane yokuklama ye-AISC, sigxila ekuhlanganiseni isitifiketi esizimele semakethe nezindinganiso zemboni. | Uchungechunge lwezindinganiso ze-EN (izindinganiso zaseYurophu) | |
| Izindinganiso Eziyinhloko | Izindinganiso zokuklama | I-GB 50017-2017 | I-AISC (AISC 360-16) | EN 1993 |
| Izindinganiso zezinto ezibonakalayo | I-GB/T 700-2006、GB/T 1591-2018 | I-ASTM International | Uchungechunge lwe-EN 10025 olwakhiwe yi-CEN | |
| Izindinganiso zokwakha nokwamukelwa | I-GB 50205-2020 | I-AWS D1.1 | Uchungechunge lwe-EN 1011 | |
| Izindinganiso eziqondene nomkhakha | Isibonelo, i-JT/T 722-2023 emkhakheni wamabhuloho, i-JGJ 99-2015 emkhakheni wokwakha | |||
| Izitifiketi Ezidingekayo | Iziqu zobungcweti zenkontileka yobunjiniyela besakhiwo sensimbi (ibanga elikhethekile, ibanga lokuqala, ibanga lesibili, ibanga lesithathu) | Isitifiketi se-AISC | UMark Mark, Isitifiketi se-DIN saseJalimane, Isitifiketi se-UK CARES | |
| Isitifiketi se-China Classification Society (CCS), isitifiketi sokufaneleka kwebhizinisi lokukhiqiza isakhiwo sensimbi | Isitifiketi se-FRA | |||
| Imibiko yokuhlola ngezakhiwo zemishini yezinto ezibonakalayo, ikhwalithi yokushisela, njll. ekhishwe yi-ejensi yokuhlola evela eceleni | I-ASME | |||
| Imininingwane: | |
| Uhlaka Lwensimbi Oluyinhloko | Ugongolo lwensimbi olunesigaba H kanye namakholomu, olupendwe noma olufakwe i-galvanized, olunesigaba C noma ipayipi lensimbi elifakwe i-galvanized, njll. |
| Uhlaka Lwesibili | i-hot dip galvanised C-purlin, i-steel bracing, i-tie bar, i-knee brace, i-edge cover, njll. |
| Iphaneli Yophahla | Iphaneli yesangweji ye-EPS, iphaneli yesangweji yefayibha yeglasi, iphaneli yesangweji ye-Rockwool, kanye nesangweji ye-PU iphaneli noma ipuleti lensimbi, njll. |
| Iphaneli Yodonga | iphaneli yesangweji noma ishidi lensimbi egobile, njll. |
| Induku Yokubopha | ishubhu yensimbi eyindilinga |
| I-brace | ibha eyindilinga |
| Ibhande Lamadolo | insimbi ye-engeli |
| Imidwebo kanye Nesilinganiso: | |
| (1) Umklamo owenziwe ngokwezifiso uyamukelwa. | |
| (2) Ukuze sikunike ikhotheshini nemidwebo eqondile, sicela usazise ubude, ububanzi, ukuphakama kwe-eve, kanye nesimo sezulu sendawo. izokucaphuna ngokushesha. | |
Isakhiwo SensimbiIzigaba
Izigaba ezitholakalayo zichazwe ngezindinganiso ezishicilelwe emhlabeni wonke, kanti nezigaba ezikhethekile nezizimele nazo ziyatholakala.
Imishayo ye-I(izingxenye ezinkulu "I"—e-UK, lokhu kuhlanganisa imisebe ye-universal (UB) kanye namakholomu e-universal (UC); eYurophu, lokhu kuhlanganisa i-IPE, i-HE, i-HL, i-HD, nezinye izingxenye; e-US, lokhu kuhlanganisa izingxenye ze-flange ebanzi (eyi-WF noma enomu-W) kanye ne-H enomu-H)
Imishayo engu-Z(ama-half-flanges angemuva)
I-HSS(izingxenye zesakhiwo ezingenalutho, ezaziwa nangokuthi i-SHS (izingxenye ezingenalutho zesakhiwo), okuhlanganisa izingxenye zesikwele, unxande, isiyingi (i-tubular), kanye nezingxenye ezi-oval)
Ama-engeli(Izingxenye ezimise okwe-L)
Iziteshi zesakhiwo, izingxenye ezimise okwe-C, noma izingxenye "C"
Imisebe ye-T(Izingxenye ezimise okwe-T)
Amabha, eziyinxande eziyisikwele kodwa ezingabanzi ngokwanele ukuba zibhekwe njengepuleti.
Izinduku, okuyizingxenye eziyindilinga noma eziyisikwele ezinobude obuhlobene nobubanzi bazo.
Amapuleti, eziwugqinsi lwensimbi olungaphezu kuka-6 mm noma 1⁄4 intshi.
Izakhiwo zensimbi zisebenzisa insimbi njengengxenye eyinhloko yokuthwala umthwalo. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eyahlukene ngenxa yezinzuzo zazo ezifana namandla aphezulu, isisindo esilula, ukwakhiwa okusheshayo, kanye nokumelana okuhle nokuzamazama komhlaba. Amacala ayo ayinhloko okusetshenziswa kanye nezindawo zokusetshenziswa zifaka:
Ubunjiniyela Bokwakha
1. Izakhiwo Zezimboni - Amafektri: njengemishini, i-metallurgy, kanye nezitshalo zamakhemikhali
2. Izindawo zokugcina impahla: Izindawo ezinkulu zokuthutha kanye nezindawo zokugcina impahla (njengezindawo zokugcina impahla ezinama-high-bay kanye nezindawo zokugcina impahla ezibandayo);
3. Izakhiwo Zomphakathi - Izakhiwo Eziphakeme: Uhlaka oluyinhloko lwezakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu (njengezakhiwo eziphakeme);
Izakhiwo Zomphakathi: Izinkundla zemidlalo, amahholo ombukiso, amathiyetha, iziteshi zezindiza, njll.
3. Izakhiwo Zokuhlala: Izakhiwo zokuhlala ezakhiwe ngensimbi
Ingqalasizinda Yezokuthutha
1. Ubunjiniyela bebhuloho - Amabhuloho amade - Amabhuloho esitimela/omgwaqo omkhulu
2. Izithuthi Zesitimela Neziteshi - Iziteshi zesitimela ezihamba ngesivinini esikhulu, imigwaqo yesiteshi sesitimela esingaphansi komhlaba - Izimoto zesitimela ezihamba ngesitimela
Ubunjiniyela Obukhethekile Nemishini
1. Ubunjiniyela Bezolwandle - Amapulatifomu Angaphandle Kwamanzi: Izakhiwo eziyinhloko zamapulatifomu okubhoboza uwoyela (njengamajakethi namadekhi epulatifomu);
Ukwakha imikhumbi
2. Imishini Yokuphakamisa Nokwakha - Ama-Crane - Izimoto Ezikhethekile
3. Imishini Emikhulu Neziqukathi - Amathangi okugcina izinto ezimbonini - Amafreyimu emishini yemishini
Ezinye Izimo Ezikhethekile
1. Izakhiwo zesikhashana: izindlu zokusiza ezinhlekeleleni, amahholo emiboniso yesikhashana, izakhiwo ezilungisiwe, njll.
2. Izisekelo ze-dome yengilazi zezitolo ezinkulu
3. Ubunjiniyela bamandla: imibhoshongo ye-wind turbine (eyenziwe ngamapuleti ensimbi aqinile) kanye namaphaneli elanga.
Inqubo Yokusika
1. Ukulungiselela Kwangaphambi Kokuqala
Ukuhlolwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile
Ukuhumusha Umdwebo
2. Ukukhetha Indlela Yokusika Efanele
Ukusika Amalangabi: Ifanele insimbi ethambile ejiyile kanye nensimbi engenangxube eningi, ifanele imishini eqinile.
Ukusika Ijethi Yamanzi: Ifanele izinto ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi insimbi ezwela ukushisa noma izingxenye eziqondile nezinomumo okhethekile.
Ukucubungula Ukushisela
Le nqubo isebenzisa ukushisa, ingcindezi, noma kokubili (ngezinye izikhathi ngezinto zokugcwalisa) ukuze kufezwe ukubophana kwe-athomu ezinhlanganisweni zezingxenye zesakhiwo sensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela kwakhiwe isakhiwo esiqinile nesihlanganisiwe. Lena inqubo eyinhloko yokuxhuma izingxenye ekukhiqizweni kwesakhiwo sensimbi futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezakhiweni, emabhulohweni, emishinini, emikhunjini, nakweminye imikhakha, okunquma ngqo amandla, ukuzinza, kanye nokuphepha kwezakhiwo zensimbi.
Ngokusekelwe emidwebweni yokwakha noma umbiko weziqu zenqubo yokushisela (i-PQR), chaza ngokucacile uhlobo lwejoyinti lokushisela, ubukhulu bomsele, ubukhulu bokushisela, indawo yokushisela, kanye nezinga lekhwalithi.
Ukucubungula Ukushaya
Le nqubo ihilela ukudala imigodi ngomshini noma ngokomzimba ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo sensimbi ezihlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo. Lezi zimbobo zisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuxhuma izingxenye, ukuhambisa amapayipi, nokufaka izesekeli. Kuyinqubo ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwesakhiwo sensimbi ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kokuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye kanye namandla okuhlangana.
Ngokusekelwe emidwebweni yomklamo, chaza indawo yembobo (ubukhulu bokuxhumanisa), inombolo, ububanzi, izinga lokunemba (isb., ukubekezelelana okungu-±1mm kwemigodi yebholidi ejwayelekile, ukubekezelelana okungu-±0.5mm kwemigodi yebholidi enamandla aphezulu), kanye nohlobo lwembobo (oluyindilinga, oluyindilinga, njll.). Sebenzisa ithuluzi lokumaka (njenge-tepi yensimbi yokulinganisa, i-stylus, isikwele, noma i-sample punch) ukumaka izindawo zembobo ebusweni bengxenye. Sebenzisa i-sample punch ukudala amaphuzu okuthola imigodi ebalulekile ukuqinisekisa izindawo zokubhoboza ezinembile.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinqubo zokwelashwa kwendawo ezitholakalayoisakhiwo sensimbi, okuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ukumelana kwazo nokugqwala nokugqwala, kanye nokubukeka kwazo okuhle.
Ukuhlanganisa nge-galvanizingkuyisinqumo esidumile ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu.
Ukugqoka ngempuphuinikeza imibala ecebile kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu okuqinile.
Ukugqoka kwe-Epoxyinikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala futhi ifaneleka ezindaweni ezinzima.
Ukugqoka okucebile nge-zinc e-epoxyinikeza isivikelo esisebenzayo se-electrochemical ngokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-zinc.
Ukudwebainikeza ukuguquguquka kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlobisa ezahlukahlukene.
Ukugqoka uwoyela omnyamakuyindlela engabizi kakhulu yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezilula zokuvikela ukugqwala.
Ithimba lethu elikhethekile lonjiniyela bezakhiwo abanolwazi kanye nochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe linolwazi olubanzi lwephrojekthi kanye nemibono yokuklama esezingeni eliphezulu, ngokuqonda okujulile kobuchwepheshe besakhiwo sensimbi kanye nezindinganiso zemboni.
Ukusebenzisa isofthiwe yokuklama yobungcweti efanaI-AutoCADfuthiIzakhiwo zeTekla, sakha uhlelo lokuklama oluphelele olubonakalayo, kusukela kumamodeli e-3D kuya ezinhlelweni zobunjiniyela be-2D, olumelela ngokunembile ubukhulu bezingxenye, ukucushwa kwamalunga, kanye nokuhlelwa kwendawo. Izinsizakalo zethu zimboza yonke impilo yephrojekthi, kusukela ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sokuqala kuya emidwebweni yokwakha enemininingwane, kusukela ekwenziweni ngcono kwamalunga kuya ekuqinisekisweni kwesakhiwo okuphelele. Silawula ngokucophelela imininingwane ngokunemba kwezinga le-millimeter, siqinisekisa kokubili ukuqina kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwakheka.
Sihlala sigxile kumakhasimende. Ngokuqhathanisa uhlelo oluphelele kanye nokulingisa ukusebenza kwemishini, senza ngezifiso izixazululo zokuklama ezingabizi kakhulu zezimo ezahlukahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza (izitshalo zezimboni, izakhiwo zezentengiselwano, amabhuloho kanye nemigwaqo yamapulangwe, njll.). Ngenkathi siqinisekisa ukuphepha kwesakhiwo, sinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto futhi senza lula inqubo yokwakha. Sinikeza izinsizakalo zokulandelela eziphelele, kusukela ekulethweni kokudonsa kuya ekuhlinzekweni kobuchwepheshe endaweni. Ubungcweti bethu buqinisekisa ukuqaliswa kahle kwayo yonke iphrojekthi yesakhiwo sensimbi, okusenza sibe ngumlingani wokuklama othembekile, onendawo eyodwa.
Indlela yokupakisha izakhiwo zensimbi kufanele inqunywe ngokusekelwe ezicini ezifana nohlobo lwengxenye, usayizi, ibanga lokuhamba, indawo yokugcina, kanye nokuvikelwa okudingekayo. Umgomo ukuvimbela ukuguquka, ukugqwala, kanye nomonakalo ngesikhathi sokuthutha nokugcina.
Izindlela ezivamile zokupakisha isakhiwo sensimbi zifaka:
1. Ukupakisha Okungenalutho (Okungapakishwanga)
Kusebenza ku: Izingxenye zensimbi ezinkulu nezisindayo (njengezinsika zensimbi, imishayo, kanye nezinsika ezinkulu).
Izici: Azikho izinto zokupakisha ezengeziwe ezidingekayo, okuvumela ukulayisha nokuthulula ngqo ngemishini yokuphakamisa. Kodwa-ke, izingxenye kumele ziboshwe kahle ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthuthumela nokushayisana.
Isivikelo Esengeziwe: Ukuxhumeka kwezingxenye (njengezimbobo zamabholidi kanye nezindawo ze-flange) kungavikelwa ngezembozo zesikhashana noma ipulasitiki yokusonga ukuvimbela ukungena kanye nomonakalo.
2. Ukupakisha Okuhlanganisiwe
Kusebenza ku: Izingxenye zensimbi ezincane kuya kweziphakathi, ezimise okwejwayelekile (njengensimbi ekhoneni, insimbi yesiteshi, amapayipi ensimbi, kanye namapuleti amancane okuxhuma) ngobuningi obukhulu.
Qaphela: Isibopho kufanele siqine kahle. Isibopho esikhululekile kakhulu singabangela ukushintshashintsha kwezingxenye, kanti isibopho esiqinile kakhulu singabangela ukuguquka.
3. Ibhokisi Lokhuni/Uhlaka Lokhuni
Izimo Ezisebenzayo: Izingxenye ezincane zensimbi ezinembile (njengezingxenye zensimbi ezingxenyeni zemishini kanye nezixhumi ezinembile kakhulu), izingxenye ezibuthakathaka (njengezingxenye ezincane ezifana nama-bolts namantongomane), noma izingxenye zensimbi ezidinga ukuthuthwa noma ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ibanga elide.
Izinzuzo: Isivikelo esihle kakhulu, sivikela ngempumelelo emathonyeni emvelo, sifanelekela ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa ibanga elide ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi.
4. Ukupakisha Okukhethekile Okuvikelekile
Ukuvikela Ukugqwala: Ezingxenyeni zensimbi ezizogcinwa isikhathi eside noma ezizothuthwa ezindaweni ezinomswakama, ngaphezu kwezindlela zokupakisha ezingenhla, ukwelashwa kokugqwala kuyadingeka.
Ukuvikela Ukuguquka Kwesimo: Ezingxenyeni zensimbi ezincane nezinodonga oluncane (njengezinsika zensimbi ezincane kanye namalungu ensimbi anodonga oluncane), izakhiwo ezengeziwe zokusekela (njengezinsika zokhuni noma zensimbi) kufanele zengezwe ngesikhathi sokupakisha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugoba nokuguquka ngenxa yemithwalo engalingani ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa nokugcinwa.
Ezokuthutha:Ukulethwa Okusheshayo (Ukulethwa Okuyisampula), Umoya, Isitimela, Umhlaba, Isitimela, Ukuthunyelwa Kwasolwandle (i-FCL noma i-LCL noma i-Bulk)
Kusukela ngesikhathi umkhiqizo wakho ulethwa, ithimba lethu lochwepheshe lizohlinzeka ngosekelo oluphelele kuyo yonke inqubo yokufaka, linikeze usizo olucophelelayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi senza ngcono izinhlelo zokufaka endaweni, sinikeza isiqondiso sobuchwepheshe ngezinyathelo ezibalulekile, noma sibambisana nethimba lokwakha, silwela ukuqinisekisa inqubo yokufaka ephumelelayo nenembile, siqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuphepha kwesakhiwo sakho sensimbi.
Ngesikhathi sesigaba senkonzo yangemva kokuthengisa senqubo yokukhiqiza, sinikeza izincomo zokulungisa eziklanyelwe izici zomkhiqizo futhi siphendula imibuzo ephathelene nokunakekelwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokuqina kwesakhiwo.
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezihlobene nomkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ithimba lethu langemva kokuthengisa lizophendula ngokushesha, linikeze ubuchwepheshe bobuchwepheshe obuchwepheshile kanye nesimo sengqondo sokwethembeka sokuxazulula noma yiziphi izinkinga.
Q: Ingabe abakhiqizi be-ua?
A: Yebo, singabakhiqizi bamashubhu ensimbi ejikelezayo edolobhaneni laseDaqiuzhuang, edolobheni laseTianjin, eShayina.
Q: Ngingaba ne-oda lokuhlola amathani ambalwa kuphela?
A: Vele. Singakuthumela umthwalo ngesevisi ye-LCL. (Umthwalo wesitsha omncane)
Q: Uma isampula imahhala?
A: Isampula ayitholakali, kodwa umthengi ukhokhela imithwalo.
U: Ingabe ungumphakeli wegolide futhi wenza isiqinisekiso sokuhweba?
A: Singumhlinzeki wegolide weminyaka eyi-13 futhi samukela isiqinisekiso sokuhweba.











