Izakhiwo Zensimbi Nezensimbi ze-ASTM A36: Umklamo, Ukwakhiwa Kwezakhiwo, Izindawo Zokugcina Izimpahla kanye Nengqalasizinda
Izakhiwo Eziphakeme Nezebhizinisi:Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinde kanye nezakhiwo zezentengiselwano kuye kwasekelwa kakhulu uhlobo lwensimbi oluqinile, kodwa olulula. Yingakho futhi zingakhiwa ngokushesha kangaka nokuthi kungani imiklamo yazo ishintshwa kalula.
Izakhiwo Zezimboni Nezindawo Zokugcina Izimpahla: Izakhiwo zensimbi zinikeza izindawo zokugcina impahla, ama-workshop, amafektri kanye nezitolo zesikhunta ngohlaka lwazo oluqinile.
Amabhuloho kanye nengqalasizinda yezokuthutha: Umthamo omkhulu wokuthwala umthwalo wensimbi wenza kube yingxenye ebalulekile esetshenziswa emabhulohweni obunjiniyela, ezindaweni zokudlula, ezindaweni ezidlulayo kanye nasezikhumulweni ukuze kuphephe futhi kuhlale isikhathi eside.
Ukufakwa Kwamandla NezinsizakusebenzaInsimbi isekela izitshalo zikagesi, amapulazi omoya, amasimu kawoyela negesi kanye nezinye izinhlelo zamandla, kanye nezinsizakusebenza, ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuhlala njalo ezimweni zezulu kanye nokukhathala.
Ezemidlalo, Ezokuzijabulisa kanye namaHholo Ombukiso, Ama-Arena kanye nezinkundla zemidlalo, konke kwenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinsika zangaphakathi ezinikezwa yinsimbi, into engadlula ibanga elide.
Izakhiwo Zezolimo Nezokugcina Izinto: Izingobo zohlaka lwensimbi, ama-silo, izindawo zokugcina izithombo, kanye nezakhiwo zokugcina izinto ziqinile njengoba zimelana nokugqwala kanye nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Ingqalasizinda Yasolwandle, Yechweba kanye Neyasogwini Lwamanzi: Izinhlaka zensimbi zilungele ukwakhiwa olwandle, ikakhulukazi emachwebeni, emachwebeni, ezikhumulweni nasezindaweni ezizungezile ichweba lapho amandla, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nomthwalo osindayo kungaxoxiswana ngakho.
Imikhiqizo yesakhiwo sensimbi eyinhloko yokwakha ifektri
1. Isakhiwo esiyinhloko esithwala umthwalo (esivumelana nezidingo zokuzamazama komhlaba zasezindaweni ezishisayo)
| Uhlobo Lomkhiqizo | Ibanga Lokucaciswa | Umsebenzi Oyinhloko | Amaphuzu Okuzivumelanisa Nezimo eMelika Ephakathi |
| Ugongolo Lohlaka Lwesango | W12×30 ~ W16×45 (ASTM A572 Gr.50) | Ugongolo oluyinhloko lokuthwala umthwalo ophahleni/odongeni | Umklamo we-node onama-high-seismic noxhumano olunama-bolt ukuze kugwenywe ukushintshwa okubuthakathaka, ingxenye yenziwe ngcono ukuze inciphise isisindo sayo kwezokuthutha zasendaweni. |
| Ikholomu Yensimbi | I-H300×300 ~ H500×500 (ASTM A36) | Isekela imithwalo yohlaka kanye nephansi | Izixhumi zokuzamazama komhlaba ezifakwe esisekelo, isiphetho se-hot-dip galvanized (i-zinc coating ≥85μm) sendawo enomswakama ophezulu |
| Umsebe we-Crane | W24×76 ~ W30×99 (ASTM A572 Gr.60) | Ukuthwala umthwalo wokusebenza kwe-crane yezimboni | Umklamo onzima (wama-crane angu-5 ~ 20t) one-end beam efakwe amapuleti okuxhuma amelana nokucheba |
2. Izingxenye zeSistimu Yokuvala (Ukumelana Nesimo Sezulu + Ukuvikelwa Kokugqwala)
Ama-Purlin ophahleni: Ama-purlin e-C12×20 kuya ku-C16×31 afakwe i-hot-dip abekwe ku-1.5–2 m ukuze asekele amashidi ensimbi anombala akwazi ukumelana nomthwalo wesiphepho kuze kufike ezingeni lika-12.
Ama-Wall Purlins: Ama-purlin apendwe ngopende we-Z10×20 kuya ku-Z14×26 angenawo umhlwa anezimbobo zokungenisa umoya ukuze anciphise umswakama—afanelekela indawo ezungezile yasefektri eshisayo.
Ama-Bracing nama-Corner Braces: I-Φ12–Φ16 hot dip galvanized steel round braces ene-L50×5 steel angle braces isebenza njengesivikelo ekuvinjeni isivinini somoya esingu-150 mph ukuze inikeze ukuzinza ohlangothini.
3. Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Zendawo: Ukusekelwa kanye Nemikhiqizo Ehambisanayo (Ukuhlukahluka Kwendawo Ngokwezidingo Zokwakha)
Ingxenye Yensimbi Ehlanganisiwe: Amapuleti ensimbi ahlanganisiwe anobukhulu obungu-10–20 mm (WLHT) asetshenziswa kakhulu esisekelweni sekhonkrithi eMelika Ephakathi.
Izixhumi: Amabhawodi e-galvanized aqinile kakhulu ebanga lesi-8.8 ashisayo, asikho isidingo sokushisela endaweni, okunciphisa isikhathi sokwakha.
Izembozo Ezivikelayo: Upende ovimbela ilangabi osekelwe emanzini ohlala isikhathi eside ukumelana nomlilo ≥1.5 h kanye nopende ovimbela ukugqwala we-acryl omelana ne-UV kanye nempilo yonke ≥iminyaka eyi-10, ohlangabezana nezinqubomgomo zemvelo zendawo.
| Indlela Yokucubungula | Imishini Yokucubungula | Ukucubungula |
| Ukusika | Imishini yokusika i-plasma/ilangabi ye-CNC, imishini yokugunda izinwele | Ukusikwa kwelangabi le-plasma lamapuleti/izingxenye zensimbi, ukucheba amapuleti ensimbi amancane, ngokunemba okukhulu kuyalawulwa. |
| Ukwakha | Umshini wokugoba obandayo, ibhuleki lokucindezela, umshini wokugoqa | Ukugoba okubandayo (kwama-c/z purlins), ukugoba (kwama-gutter/ukusika umphetho), ukugoqa (kwama-round support bars) |
| Ukushisela | Umshini wokushisela we-arc ocwiliswe emanzini, umshini wokushisela we-arc osetshenziswa ngesandla, umshini wokushisela we-CO₂ ovikelwe ngegesi | Ukushisela kwe-arc okucwiliswe emanzini (amakholomu aseDutch / imisebe ye-H), ukushisela okunamathelayo (amapuleti e-gusset), ukushisela okuvikelwe ngegesi ye-CO² (izinto ezincane ezibiyelwe ngodonga) |
| Ukwenza imigodi | Umshini wokubhoboza we-CNC, umshini wokubhoboza | Ukubhoboza kwe-CNC (imigodi yebholidi kumapuleti/izingxenye ezixhumanisayo), Ukubhoboza (imigodi emincane yeqembu), Ngokubekezelelana kwemigodi elawulwayo ububanzi/isikhundla |
| Ukwelashwa | Umshini wokuqhumisa ngokudubula/wokuqhumisa ngesihlabathi, umshini wokugaya, umugqa wokugaya ngokushisa | Ukususa ukugqwala (ukuqhumisa amashothi / ukuqhumisa isihlabathi), ukugaya nge-weld (ukususa i-burr), ukugaya nge-hot-dip (i-bolt/support) |
| Umhlangano | Ipulatifomu yokuhlanganisa, izinto zokulinganisa | Izingxenye ze-pre-assembled (ikholomu + ugongolo + isisekelo) zahlakazwa ukuze zithunyelwe ngemva kokuqinisekiswa kobukhulu. |
| 1. Ukuhlolwa kokufutha ngosawoti (ukuhlolwa kokugqwala okuyinhloko) | 2. Ukuhlolwa kokunamathela | 3. Ukuhlolwa komswakama nokumelana nokushisa |
| Izindinganiso ze-ASTM B117 (isifutho sikasawoti esingathathi hlangothi) / ISO 11997-1 (isifutho sikasawoti esijikelezayo), esifanele indawo enosawoti omningi ogwini lwaseMelika Ephakathi. | Ukuhlolwa kokuhlukanisa i-cross-hatch kusetshenziswa i-ASTM D3359 (i-cross-hatch/grid-grid, ukuthola izinga lokuqhekeka); ukuhlolwa kokudonsa kusetshenziswa i-ASTM D4541 (ukukala amandla okuhlukanisa i-peel phakathi kokumboza kanye ne-substrate yensimbi). | Izindinganiso ze-ASTM D2247 (40℃/95% umswakama, ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka nokuqhekeka kwesembozo ngezikhathi zemvula). |
| 4. Ukuhlolwa kokuguga kwe-UV | 5. Ukuhlolwa kobukhulu befilimu | 6. Ukuhlolwa kwamandla omthelela |
| Izindinganiso ze-ASTM G154 (ukulingisa ukuchayeka okukhulu kwe-UV emahlathini emvula, ukuvimbela ukufiphala nokushiswa kwengubo). | Ifilimu eyomile esebenzisa i-ASTM D7091 (igeyiji yobukhulu obungumaginethi); ifilimu emanzi esebenzisa i-ASTM D1212 (ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukumelana nokugqwala kuhlangabezana nobukhulu obubekiwe). | Izindinganiso ze-ASTM D2794 (ukushaya kwesando sokuwa, ukuvimbela umonakalo ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa/ukufakwa). |
Ukwelashwa embukisweni wobuso: Isembozo esicebile nge-zinc, I-Galvanised (ubukhulu besendlalelo esishisayo esifakwe i-galvanised≥85μm bungafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-15-20), i-oyili emnyama, njll.
Okunamafutha Amnyama
I-Galvanised
Isimbozo Esicebile Nge-Epoxy Zinc
Ukupakisha:
Izimpahla zensimbi zipakishwe kahle ukuze zivikeleke ebusweni futhi zigcina isimo somkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokuphathwa nokuthuthwa. Izingxenye ngokuvamile zigoqwa ngezinto ezingangeni manzi njengefilimu yepulasitiki noma iphepha lokulwa nokugqwala, kanti izesekeli ezincane zisebhokisini lokhuni. Uma zifakwe ilebula ephelele ungaqiniseka ukuthi ukulayisha kwakho kuphephile nokuthi ukufakwa kwakho endaweni kungokobungcweti futhi akulimalanga. Ukupakisha okuhle kungavimbela umonakalo, futhi kungenza kube lula ukuqoqwa kwempahla kanye nokufakwa kwamaphrojekthi okwakha.
Ezokuthutha:
Ubukhulu nendawo okuya kuyo kunquma ukuthi izakhiwo zensimbi zihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo noma zibekwe umthwalo ongenalutho ngezikhawu ezingama-4 m noma izitsha zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe ezingama-2 m noma ukuthunyelwa ngobuningi. Izintambo zensimbi zengezwa zizungeze izinto ezinkulu noma ezisindayo ukuze zisekelwe futhi izindawo zokuphumula zokhuni zibekwa ezinhlangothini ezine zephakheji ukuze zivale umthwalo. Zonke izinqubo zokuthutha ziphathwa ngokuvumelana nalokho okushiwo yizinqubo zokuthumela zamazwe ngamazwe ukuze zilethwe ngesikhathi nangokuphepha ngisho naphesheya kwezilwandle noma amabanga amade. Le ndlela yokugcina izinto iholela ekutheni insimbi ilethwe endaweni yayo esimweni esingcono kakhulu ukuze isetshenziswe ngokushesha.
1. Amagatsha Aphesheya Nokusekelwa Ngolimi LwesiSpanishi
Njengoba sinamahhovisi aphesheya kanye nabasebenzi abakhuluma iSpanishi, senza kube lula ukuxhumana kwakho namakhasimende emazweni aseLatin America naseYurophu. Ithimba lethu liphinde likusekele ngezinqubo zamasiko, amadokhumenti kanye nezinqubo zokungenisa ukuze likulethele isevisi ebushelelezi.
2. Isitoko Esitholakalayo Sokulethwa Okusheshayo
Siphinde sigcine inani elikhulu lezinto zensimbi ezakhiwe njenge-H-beams, i-I-beams nezinye izinto zokwakha. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ilethwa ngokushesha ngisho nangemisebenzi ephuthumayo kakhulu enesikhathi esincane sokuhola.
3. Ochwepheshe Ukupakisha
Yonke imikhiqizo yayipakishwe ngokuphephile ngephakheji enolwazi lokufaneleka ukudoba olwandle - ukubopha uhlaka lwensimbi, ukugoqa okungangeni manzi kanye nokuvikelwa komphetho. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuphatha kahle, ukuzinza kokuthunyelwa ibanga elide kanye nokufika endaweni ethekwini lapho uya khona kungalimalanga.
4. Ukuthunyelwa Okusheshayo Nokulethwa
Insizakalo yethu ifaka phakathi i-FOB, i-CIF, i-DDP njll. futhi sibambisana nabathumeli basekhaya abathembekile. Ngolwandle, ngesitimela noma ngomgwaqo, siqinisekisa ukulethwa ngesikhathi futhi sikunikeza ukulandelwa kwempahla okuthembekile kuyo yonke indlela.
Mayelana nezinkinga zekhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo
Q: Ukuhambisana nezindinganiso Yiziphi izindinganiso ezisebenza ezakhiweni zakho zensimbi?
A: Isakhiwo sethu sensimbi sihambisana nezindinganiso zaseMelika ezifana ne-ASTM A36, i-ASTM A572 njll. isibonelo: I-ASTM A36 iyisakhiwo sekhabhoni esijwayelekile, i-A588 iyisakhiwo esimelana nesimo sezulu esibi esifanelekile ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinomoya oshisayo.
U: Ulawula kanjani ikhwalithi yensimbi?
A: Izinto zensimbi zivela ezimbonini zensimbi zasekhaya noma zamazwe ngamazwe ezidumile ezinesistimu yokulawula ikhwalithi eqinile. Lapho zifika, yonke imikhiqizo ihlolwe ngokucophelela, okuhlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo zemishini kanye nokuhlolwa okungonakalisi, njengokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic (UT) kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinhlayiya zamagnetic (MPT), ukuhlola ukuthi ikhwalithi iyahlangabezana yini nezindinganiso ezihlobene.
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