Izakhiwo zensimbizisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokwakha ngenxa yezinzuzo zazo, njengokuqina okuphezulu, ukwakhiwa okusheshayo, kanye nokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuzamazama komhlaba. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezakhiwo zensimbi zifanelekela izimo ezahlukene zokwakha, futhi ubukhulu bezinto eziyisisekelo nazo ziyahlukahluka. Ukukhetha isakhiwo sensimbi esifanele kubalulekile ekhwalithini nasekusebenzeni kwesakhiwo. Imininingwane elandelayo ngezinhlobo zesakhiwo sensimbi ezivamile, osayizi bezinto eziyisisekelo, kanye namaphuzu abalulekile okukhetha.
Amafreyimu Ensimbi Ephothali
Ozimele bensimbi be-portalyizakhiwo zensimbi eziyisicaba ezakhiwe ngamakholomu nezinsimbi zensimbi. Umklamo wazo ulula, ngokusatshalaliswa komthwalo okuchazwe kahle, okunikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu okongayo nokusebenzayo. Lesi sakhiwo sinikeza indlela ecacile yokudlulisa umthwalo, sithwala ngempumelelo imithwalo eqondile neqondile. Kulula futhi ukuyakha nokuyifaka, ngesikhathi esifushane sokwakha.
Ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa, ozimele bensimbi be-portal bafanelekela kakhulu izakhiwo eziphansi, njengezimboni eziphansi, izindawo zokugcina impahla, kanye nama-workshop. Lezi zakhiwo ngokuvamile zidinga ububanzi obuthile kodwa hhayi ukuphakama okuphezulu. Ozimele bensimbi be-portal bahlangabezana ngempumelelo nalezi zidingo, banikeza isikhala esanele sokukhiqiza nokugcina.
Uhlaka Lwensimbi
A uhlaka lwensimbiiyisakhiwo sohlaka lwensimbi oluyisikhala esakhiwe ngamakholomu ensimbi kanye nemishayo. Ngokungafani nesakhiwo esiyisicaba sohlaka lwesango, uhlaka lwensimbi lwakha uhlelo lwesikhala olunezinhlangothi ezintathu, olunikeza ukuzinza okukhulu kanye nokumelana okuseceleni. Lungakhiwa lube yizakhiwo ezinezitezi eziningi noma eziphakeme ngokwezidingo zokwakha, luvumelane nezidingo zobude nokuphakama ezihlukahlukayo.
Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu kwesakhiwo, ozimele bensimbi bafanelekela izakhiwo ezinezindawo ezinkulu noma ukuphakama okuphezulu, njengezakhiwo zamahhovisi, izitolo ezinkulu, amahhotela, nezikhungo zemihlangano. Kulezi zakhiwo, ozimele bensimbi abagcini nje ngokuhlangabezana nezidingo zezindawo ezinkulu kodwa futhi basiza ukufakwa kwemishini kanye nokuhanjiswa kwamapayipi ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo.
I-Truss Yensimbi
I-truss yensimbi iyisakhiwo sendawo esakhiwe yizingxenye eziningana ngazinye (njenge-engela yensimbi, insimbi yesiteshi, kanye ne-I-beams) ezihlelwe ngephethini ethile (isb., unxantathu, i-trapezoidal, noma i-polygonal). Amalungu ayo ngokuyinhloko athwala ukucindezelwa kwe-axial noma ukucindezelwa, okunikeza ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo olinganiselayo, esebenzisa ngokugcwele amandla ento kanye nensimbi esindisayo.
Ama-trus ensimbi anomthamo oqinile wobubanzi futhi afanele izakhiwo ezidinga ama-span amakhulu, njengezinkundla zemidlalo, amahholo ombukiso, kanye nezindawo zokugcina izindiza. Ezinkundleni zemidlalo, ama-trus ensimbi angakha izakhiwo zophahla ezinkulu, ahlangabezane nezidingo zesikhala sama-auditorium kanye nezindawo zokuncintisana. Emahholo ombukiso kanye nezindawo zokugcina izindiza, ama-trus ensimbi anikeza ukwesekwa okuthembekile kwesakhiwo sezindawo zokubonisa ezibanzi kanye nezindlela zokuhamba kwabantu abahamba ngezinyawo.
Igridi Yensimbi
Igridi yensimbi iyisakhiwo sendawo esakhiwe ngamalungu amaningi axhunywe ngama-node kuphethini ethile yegridi (njengonxantathu abavamile, izikwele, nama-hexagon avamile). Inikeza izinzuzo ezifana namandla aphansi endawo, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kokuzamazama komhlaba, ukuqina okuphezulu, kanye nokuqina okuqinile. Uhlobo lwayo olulodwa lwelungu lwenza kube lula ukukhiqizwa kwefektri kanye nokufakwa endaweni.
Amagridi ensimbi afaneleka kakhulu ezakhiweni zophahla noma zodonga, njengezindawo zokulinda, ama-canopy, kanye nophahla olukhulu lwefektri. Emakamelweni okulinda, uphahla lwegridi yensimbi lungamboza izindawo ezinkulu, okuhlinzeka ngendawo yokulinda ekhululekile kubagibeli. Ema-canopy, izakhiwo zegridi yensimbi zilula futhi zijabulisa ngobuhle, kuyilapho zibekezelela ngempumelelo imithwalo yemvelo njengomoya nemvula.
- Amafreyimu Ensimbi Ephothali
Amakholomu ensimbi kanye nemishayo yamafreyimu esango ngokuvamile akhiwa ngensimbi enomumo we-H. Ubukhulu balezi zinsika zensimbi bunqunywa yizici ezifana nobubanzi besakhiwo, ukuphakama, kanye nomthwalo. Ngokuvamile, kumafektri aphansi noma ezindaweni zokugcina impahla ezinezinsika zamamitha ayi-12-24 kanye nokuphakama kwamamitha angu-4-6, amakholomu ensimbi anomumo we-H ngokuvamile asukela ku-H300×150×6.5×9 kuya ku-H500×200×7×11; imishayo ngokuvamile isukela ku-H350×175×7×11 kuya ku-H600×200×8×12. Kwezinye izimo ngemithwalo ephansi, insimbi enomumo we-I noma insimbi yesiteshi ingasetshenziswa njengezingxenye ezisizayo. Insimbi enomumo we-I ngokuvamile isukela ku-I14 kuya ku-I28, kuyilapho insimbi yesiteshi ivame ukulinganiswa kusukela ku-[12 kuya ku-[20].
- Amafreyimu Ensimbi
Amafreyimu ensimbi asebenzisa kakhulu insimbi yesigaba se-H kumakholomu awo kanye nemishayo. Ngenxa yokuthi kumele amelane nemithwalo emikhulu eqondile nevundlile, futhi ngenxa yokuthi adinga ukuphakama nobubanzi obukhulu besakhiwo, ubukhulu bezinto zawo eziyisisekelo buvame ukuba bukhulu kunobo bezinhlaka zesango. Ezakhiweni zamahhovisi ezinezitezi eziningi noma ezitolo ezinkulu (izitezi ezingu-3-6, ububanzi obungu-8-15m), ubukhulu bensimbi yesigaba se-H obuvame ukusetshenziswa kumakholomu busukela ku-H400×200×8×13 kuya ku-H800×300×10×16; ubukhulu bensimbi yesigaba se-H obuvame ukusetshenziswa kuma-beam busukela ku-H450×200×9×14 kuya ku-H700×300×10×16. Ezakhiweni zensimbi eziphakeme (ezingaphezu kwezitezi ezingu-6), amakholomu angasebenzisa insimbi yesigaba se-H ehlanganisiwe noma insimbi yesigaba sebhokisi. Ubukhulu bensimbi yesigaba sebhokisi buvame ukusuka ku-400×400×12×12 kuya ku-800×800×20×20 ukuthuthukisa ukumelana kwesakhiwo eceleni kanye nokuqina okuphelele.
- Ama-Trus ensimbi
Izinto eziyisisekelo ezivamile zamalungu e-truss yensimbi zifaka phakathi insimbi engela, insimbi yesiteshi, imisebe ye-I, kanye namapayipi ensimbi. Insimbi engela isetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-truss ensimbi ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okuhlukahlukene kwezingxenye kanye nokuxhumeka okulula. Osayizi abavamile basukela ku-∠50×5 kuya ku-∠125×10. Kumalungu athwala imithwalo ephezulu, kusetshenziswa imisebe yesiteshi noma i-I. Osayizi bensimbi yesiteshi basukela ku-[14 kuya ku-[30, kanye nosayizi we-I-beam basukela ku-I16 kuya ku-I40.) Kuma-truss ensimbi ende (ama-span angaphezu kwama-30m), amapayipi ensimbi avame ukusetshenziswa njengamalungu ukunciphisa isisindo sesakhiwo nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokuzamazama komhlaba. Ububanzi bamapayipi ensimbi ngokuvamile busukela ku-Φ89×4 kuya ku-Φ219×8, futhi impahla ngokuvamile i-Q345B noma i-Q235B.
- Igridi Yensimbi
Amalungu egridi yensimbi akhiwe ngokuyinhloko ngamapayipi ensimbi, avame ukwenziwa nge-Q235B kanye ne-Q345B. Usayizi wepayipi unqunywa ububanzi begridi, usayizi wegridi, kanye nezimo zomthwalo. Ezakhiweni zegridi ezinezikhawu eziyi-15-30m (njengezindawo zokulinda ezincane neziphakathi nendawo kanye nama-canopy), ububanzi bepayipi lensimbi obujwayelekile bungu-Φ48×3.5 kuya ku-Φ114×4.5. Ezikhawuni ezingaphezu kuka-30m (njengophahla lwenkundla olukhulu kanye nophahla lwesikhumulo sezindiza), ububanzi bepayipi lensimbi buyanda ngokufanele, ngokuvamile bube ngu-Φ114×4.5 kuya ku-Φ168×6. Amajoyinti egridi avame ukuba ngamajoyinti ebhola aboshwe noma ashiselwe. Ububanzi bejoyinti lebhola eliboshwe bunqunywa inani lamalungu kanye nomthamo womthwalo, ngokuvamile kusukela ku-Φ100 kuya ku-Φ300.
Cacisa Izidingo Zesakhiwo kanye Nesimo Sokusetshenziswa
Ngaphambi kokuthenga isakhiwo sensimbi, kufanele uqale ucacise injongo yesakhiwo, ububanzi, ukuphakama, inani lezitezi, kanye nezimo zemvelo (njengokuzamazama komhlaba, umfutho womoya, kanye nomthwalo weqhwa). Izimo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa zidinga ukusebenza okuhlukile kwezakhiwo zensimbi. Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezivame ukuzamazama komhlaba, kufanele kukhethwe igridi yensimbi noma izakhiwo zohlaka lwensimbi ezinokumelana okuhle nokuzamazama komhlaba. Ezinkundleni zemidlalo ezinkulu, ama-trusses ensimbi noma ama-grid ensimbi afaneleka kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla okuthwala umthwalo wesakhiwo sensimbi kufanele anqunywe ngokusekelwe ezimweni zomthwalo wesakhiwo (njengemithwalo efile kanye nemithwalo ephilayo) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo sensimbi esikhethiwe sihlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo.
Ukuhlola Ikhwalithi Yensimbi Nokusebenza Kahle
Insimbi iyisisekelo esiyinhloko sezakhiwo zensimbi, futhi ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwayo kuthinta ngqo ukuphepha nokuqina kwesakhiwo sensimbi. Uma uthenga insimbi, khetha imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa abakhiqizi abadumile abanesiqinisekiso sekhwalithi esiqinisekisiwe. Naka ngokukhethekile ikhwalithi yezinto zensimbi (njenge-Q235B, Q345B, njll.), izakhiwo zemishini (njengemandla okukhiqiza, amandla okudonsa, kanye nokwelulwa), kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali. Ukusebenza kwamazinga ensimbi ahlukene kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. Insimbi ye-Q345B inamandla aphezulu kune-Q235B futhi ifanele izakhiwo ezidinga amandla aphezulu okuthwala umthwalo. Insimbi ye-Q235B, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inobulukhuni obungcono kanye nokuqina futhi ifanele izakhiwo ezinezidingo ezithile zokuzamazama komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hlola ukubukeka kwensimbi ukuze ugweme amaphutha afana nokuqhekeka, ukufakwa, kanye nokugoba.
I-Royal Steel Group igxile ekuklanyweni nasezintweni zokwakha izakhiwo zensimbi.Sihlinzeka ngezakhiwo zensimbi emazweni nasezifundeni eziningi, okuhlanganisa iSaudi Arabia, iCanada, kanye neGuatemala.Siyakwamukela imibuzo evela kumakhasimende amasha nalawo akhona.
Ikheli
Indawo yezimboni zokuthuthukiswa kweKangsheng,
Isifunda saseWuqing, idolobha laseTianjin, eChina.
Amahora
UMsombuluko-NgeSonto: Isevisi yamahora angu-24
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-14-2025