Izakhiwo zensimbizisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezokwakha ngenxa yezinzuzo zazo, njengamandla aphezulu, ukwakhiwa okusheshayo, nokumelana okuhle nokuzamazama komhlaba. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezakhiwo zensimbi zifanelekile ezimweni ezahlukene zokwakha, futhi ubukhulu bazo bezinto eziyisisekelo nazo ziyahlukahluka. Ukukhetha isakhiwo sensimbi esifanele kubalulekile ekwakheni ikhwalithi nokusebenza. Imininingwane elandelayo izinhlobo zesakhiwo sensimbi ezivamile, osayizi bezinto eziyisisekelo, namaphuzu abalulekile okukhetha.
Portal Steel Frames
Portal steel ozimeleziyizakhiwo zensimbi eziyisicaba ezakhiwe ngezinsika zensimbi nemishayo. Idizayini yabo iyonke ilula, ngokusatshalaliswa kwemithwalo echazwe kahle, enikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwezomnotho nokusebenzayo. Lesi sakhiwo sihlinzeka ngendlela ecacile yokudlulisa umthwalo, ithwala ngokuphumelelayo kokubili imithwalo eqondile nevundlile. Kulula futhi ukwakha nokufaka, kanye nesikhathi sokwakha esifushane.
Mayelana nokusetshenziswa, amafreyimu ensimbi ephothali afaneleka ngokuyinhloko ezakhiweni ezisezingeni eliphansi, njengezimboni ezisezingeni eliphansi, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, nezindawo zokusebenzela. Lezi zakhiwo ngokuvamile zidinga ubude obuthile kodwa hhayi ukuphakama okuphezulu. Amafreyimu ensimbi ephothali ahlangabezana ngokuphumelelayo nalezi zidingo, enikeza indawo eyanele yokukhiqiza nokugcina.
Uhlaka Lwensimbi
A uhlaka lwensimbiiyisakhiwo se-spatial steel frame esakhiwe ngamakholomu ensimbi nemishayo. Ngokungafani nesakhiwo esiyisicaba sohlaka lwephothali, uhlaka lwensimbi lwakha isistimu yendawo enezinhlangothi ezintathu, enikeza ukuzinza okukhulu okuphelele nokumelana nezinhlangothi. Ingakhiwa ibe yizitezi eziningi noma izakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu ngokuya ngezidingo zezakhiwo, ivumelane nezimfuneko ezihlukene ze-span nobude.
Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu kwesakhiwo, amafreyimu ensimbi afanele izakhiwo ezinobubanzi obukhulu noma ubude obuphakeme, njengezakhiwo zamahhovisi, izinxanxathela zezitolo, amahhotela, nezikhungo zenkomfa. Kulezi zakhiwo, amafreyimu ensimbi awagcini nje ngokuhlangabezana nezidingo zesakhiwo esikhulu sendawo kodwa futhi asiza ukufakwa kwezinto zokusebenza kanye nomzila wamapayipi ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo.
Insimbi Yensimbi
I-steel truss iyisakhiwo sendawo esakhiwe izingxenye ezithile ezingazodwana (njengensimbi ye-engeli, insimbi yesiteshi, ne-I-beams) ehlelwe ngephethini ethile (isb, unxantathu, i-trapezoidal, noma i-polygonal). Amalungu ayo ngokuyinhloko athwala i-axial tension noma ukucindezelwa, ehlinzeka ngokusatshalaliswa komthwalo okulinganiselayo, esebenzisa ngokugcwele amandla wento kanye nensimbi yokonga.
Amathala ensimbi anomthamo oqinile we-span futhi afanele izakhiwo ezidinga izikhala ezinkulu, njengezinkundla, amahholo emibukiso, namatheminali ezindiza. Ezinkundleni zemidlalo, izinsimbi zensimbi zingakha izakhiwo zophahla ezibanzi, ezihlangabezana nezidingo zesikhala samahholo nezindawo zokuncintisana. Emahholo emibukiso nasezikhumulweni zezindiza, ama-trusses ensimbi ahlinzeka ngosekelo lwesakhiwo olunokwethenjelwa lwezikhala ezivulekile zokubukisa kanye nezindlela zokuhamba zabahamba ngezinyawo.
Igridi Yensimbi
Igridi yensimbi iyisakhiwo sendawo esakhiwe amalungu amaningi axhunywe amanodi ngephethini yegridi ethile (njengonxantathu abavamile, izikwele, namahexagoni avamile). Inikeza izinzuzo ezifana namandla aphansi wendawo, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuzamazama komhlaba, ukuqina okuphezulu, nokuzinza okuqinile. Uhlobo lwayo lwelungu elilodwa lusiza ukukhiqizwa kwefekthri nokufakwa endaweni.
Amagridi ensimbi afaneleka ngokuyinhloko ophahleni noma izakhiwo zodonga, njengamagumbi okulinda, ama-canopies, nophahla olukhulu lwefekthri. Emakamelweni okulinda, uphahla lwegridi yensimbi lungahlanganisa izindawo ezinkulu, lunikeze indawo yokulinda ethokomele kubagibeli. Kuma-canopies, izakhiwo zegridi yensimbi zilula futhi zijabulisa ngobuhle, kuyilapho zimelana ngempumelelo nemithwalo yemvelo efana nomoya nemvula.
- Portal Steel Frames
Amakholomu ensimbi nemishayo yamafreyimu ephothali ngokuvamile akhiwa ngensimbi emise okuka-H. Ubukhulu balawa makholomu ensimbi bunqunywa izici ezifana nobude besakhiwo, ubude, nomthwalo. Ngokuvamile, ezimbonini ezisezingeni eliphansi noma izindawo zokugcina impahla ezinezikhala zamamitha angu-12-24 nobude obungamamitha angu-4-6, amakholomu ensimbi amise okwe-H ngokuvamile asukela ku-H300×150×6.5×9 kuya ku-H500×200×7×11; imishayo ngokuvamile isukela ku-H350×175×7×11 kuya ku-H600×200×8×12. Kwezinye izimo ngemithwalo ephansi, insimbi emise okwe-I noma insimbi yesiteshi ingasetshenziswa njengezingxenye ezisizayo. Insimbi emise okwe-I ivamise usayizi ukusuka ku-I14 kuya ku-I28, kuyilapho insimbi yesiteshi ngokuvamile isuka ku- [12 kuya ku- [20].
- Steel Frames
Ozimele bensimbi ngokuyinhloko basebenzisa insimbi yesigaba sika-H kumakholomu nemishayo yabo. Ngenxa yokuthi kumele zimelane nemithwalo emikhulu eqondile nevundlile, futhi ngenxa yokuthi zidinga ubude nebude besakhiwo esikhulu, ubukhulu bazo bezinto eziyisisekelo zivamise ukuba bukhulu kunalezo zozimele bephothali. Emabhilidini amahhovisi anezitezi eziningi noma izitolo ezinkulu (izindaba ezi-3-6, ububanzi buka-8-15m), ubukhulu bensimbi besigaba se-H obuvame ukusetshenziselwa amakholomu busukela ku-H400×200×8×13 kuya ku-H800×300×10×16; Ubukhulu bensimbi besigaba se-H obuvame ukusetshenziselwa imishayo busukela ku-H450×200×9×14 kuya ku-H700×300×10×16. Ezakhiweni eziphakeme zozimele bensimbi (ezingaphezu kwezingu-6), amakholomu angase asebenzise insimbi eshiselwe esigabeni sika-H noma insimbi yesigaba sebhokisi. Ubukhulu bensimbi yesigaba sebhokisi ngokuvamile busukela ku-400×400×12×12 kuya ku-800×800×20×20 ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana kwesakhiwo sezinhlangothi kanye nokuzinza okuphelele.
- Izigqoko Zensimbi
Izinto eziyisisekelo ezivamile zamalungu e-steel truss zihlanganisa insimbi ye-engeli, insimbi yesiteshi, i-I-beams, namapayipi ensimbi. I-Angle steel isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-trusses ensimbi ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okuhlukahlukene kwe-cross-sectional kanye nokuxhumeka okulula. Osayizi abajwayelekile basuka ku-∠50×5 kuye ku-∠125×10. Kumalungu angaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu, kusetshenziswa insimbi yesiteshi noma ama-I-beam. Amasayizi ensimbi yamashaneli asukela ku- [14 kuya ku-30, futhi osayizi be-I-beam basukela ku-I16 kuya ku-I40.) Ezintanjeni zensimbi ezinde (izibambo ezingaphezu kwama-30m), amapayipi ensimbi avame ukusetshenziswa njengamalungu ukuze kuncishiswe i-structural deadweight nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokuzamazama komhlaba. Ububanzi bamapayipi ensimbi ngokuvamile busukela ku-Φ89×4 kuya ku-Φ219×8, futhi impahla ngokuvamile i-Q345B noma i-Q235B.
- Igridi Yensimbi
Amalungu egridi yensimbi ngokuyinhloko akhiwe ngamapayipi ensimbi, ngokuvamile enziwe nge-Q235B ne-Q345B. Usayizi wepayipi unqunywa ubude begridi, usayizi wegridi, nezimo zokulayisha. Ezakhiweni zegridi ezinobubanzi obungu-15-30m (njengamahholo okulinda amancane naphakathi nendawo namakhenopi), ububanzi obujwayelekile bepayipi lensimbi ngu-Φ48×3.5 ukuya ku-Φ114×4.5. Ezibayeni ezingaphezu kwama-30m (njengophahla lwenkundla enkulu nophahla lwetheminali yesikhumulo sezindiza), ububanzi bepayipi lensimbi buyanda ngokufanele, ngokuvamile bufika ku-Φ114×4.5 ukuya ku-Φ168×6. Amajoyinti egridi ngokuvamile ahlanganiswe ngebhowudi noma ahlanganiswe amabhola. Ububanzi bokuhlanganiswa kwebhola eliboshiwe kunqunywa inani lamalungu namandla omthwalo, ngokuvamile asukela ku-Φ100 kuya ku-Φ300.
Cacisa Izidingo Zokwakha kanye Nesimo Sokusetshenziswa
Ngaphambi kokuthenga isakhiwo sensimbi, kufanele uqale ucacise injongo yesakhiwo, ubude, ubude, inani lephansi, nezimo zemvelo (ezifana nokushuba kokuzamazama komhlaba, umfutho womoya, nomthwalo weqhwa). Izimo zokusetshenziswa ezihlukile zidinga ukusebenza okuhlukile kusuka ezakhiweni zensimbi. Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezithandwa ukuzamazama komhlaba, igridi yensimbi noma izakhiwo zefreyimu yensimbi ezinokumelana okuhle nokuzamazama komhlaba kufanele zikhethwe. Ezinkundleni zezemidlalo ezinkulu, ama-trusses ensimbi noma amagridi ensimbi afaneleka kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo wesakhiwo sensimbi kufanele unqunywe ngokusekelwe ezimweni zomthwalo wesakhiwo (njengemithwalo efile nemithwalo ephilayo) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isakhiwo sensimbi esikhethiwe sihlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo.
Ukuhlola Ikhwalithi Nokusebenza Kwensimbi
Insimbi iyisisekelo esiyisisekelo sezakhiwo zensimbi, futhi ikhwalithi yayo nokusebenza kwayo kuthinta ngokuqondile ukuphepha nokuqina kwesakhiwo sensimbi. Lapho uthenga insimbi, khetha imikhiqizo ekhiqizwe abakhiqizi abahloniphekile abanokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi eqinisekisiwe. Naka ngokukhethekile ikhwalithi yezinto zensimbi (efana ne-Q235B, Q345B, njll.), izici zomshini (njengamandla esivuno, amandla aqinile, nobude), kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali. Ukusebenza kwamazinga ensimbi ahlukene kuyehluka kakhulu. Insimbi ye-Q345B inamandla angaphezu kwe-Q235B futhi ifanele izakhiwo ezidinga umthamo ophakeme wokuthwala umthwalo. Insimbi ye-Q235B, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inepulasitiki engcono kanye nokuqina futhi ifanele izakhiwo ezinezidingo ezithile zokuzamazama komhlaba. Ukwengeza, hlola ukubukeka kwensimbi ukuze ugweme amaphutha njengokuqhekeka, ukufakwa, nokugoba.
I-Royal Steel Group igxile ekwakhiweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezakhiwo zensimbi.Sinikezela ngezakhiwo zensimbi emazweni nasezifundeni eziningi, okuhlanganisa iSaudi Arabia, Canada, kanye neGuatemala.Samukela imibuzo evela kumakhasimende amasha nakhona kakade.
Ikheli
Indawo yemboni yokuthuthukisa i-Kangsheng,
Isifunda saseWuqing, idolobha laseTianjin, eChina.
Amahora
uMsombuluko-NgeSonto: Inkonzo yamahora angu-24
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-14-2025